{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:12:15Z","timestamp":1793020335483,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Campylobacter spp. are a common cause of acute enteric infections. In immunocompromised or elderly patients, they can lead to extraintestinal infections, including bacteremia. The clinical significance of Campylobacter bacteremia is not fully understood. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on Campylobacter spp. bacteremia, including studies published up to June 2024. Results: Twenty-five retrospective observational studies, published between 1978 and 2024, were included. The studies involved a total of 2480 patients, with a mean age range across studies from 1 to 70 years; 62.45% were male. The pooled prevalence of Campylobacter species was: C. jejuni 60% [95% CI 0.45\u20130.73], C. coli 8% [95% CI 0.04\u20130.13], C. fetus 7% [95% CI 0.03\u20130.15], and other species 9% [95% CI 0.04\u20130.16]. Mortality was the primary outcome in 22 studies, with a pooled case-fatality risk of 5% [95% CI 0.03\u20130.09]. Univariate meta-regression showed higher mortality associated with C. fetus (\u03b2 = 3.217, [95% CI 0.632\u20135.802], p = 0.017), immunocompromised status (\u03b2 = 2.749, [95% CI 0.316\u20135.184], p = 0.029), and chronic liver disease (\u03b2 = 5.072, [95% CI 0.424\u20139.720], p = 0.034). Regarding complications, secondary localizations (e.g., endovascular infections) showed a pooled prevalence of 9% [95% CI: 0.04\u20130.18]; relapses, 3% [95% CI 0.02\u20130.04]; endocarditis, 2% [95% CI 0.01\u20130.03]; and persistent bacteremia, 1% [95% CI 0.001\u20130.27]. Conclusion: Campylobacter spp. bacteremia shows a considerable risk of mortality and complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15070686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1782799084000},"page":"686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Campylobacter Bacteremia: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9204-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Zerbato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Guicciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0278-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Baldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7730-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Fusaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Botan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \"Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7663-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Benvenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8817-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna Maria","family":"Nicol\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital \u201cBianchi-Melacrino-Morelli\u201d, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Principe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital \u201cBianchi-Melacrino-Morelli\u201d, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Alexandru","family":"Toc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \"Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Giuffr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Liver Clinic, Trieste University Hospital (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina), 34125 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lory Saveria","family":"Croc\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Frulloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2135-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Yadegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina), 34125 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7218-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Enrico","family":"Maraolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples \u2019Federico II\u2019, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.03.001","article-title":"Campylobacter","volume":"35","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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