{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:16:58Z","timestamp":1791944218057,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Organization for Medical Innovation and Collaboration for Science","award":["OMICS-APC002\/2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMICS-APC002\/2026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public-health challenge in Peru, particularly in historically hyperendemic Amazonian and Andean regions; however, the structure, evolution, and equity of national HBV research have not been systematically evaluated. We conducted a PRISMA-informed bibliometric analysis of all peer-reviewed and theses on HBV in Peru published between 1988 and 2023 using Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Peruvian National Repository (RENATI). Bibliometric indicators, collaboration networks, thematic structure, and temporal thematic evolution were analyzed in R using bibliometrix- and network-based approaches. The final corpus comprised 232 documents, with a marked increase in production after 2005 and a publication peak in 2018. Scientific output was strongly concentrated in Lima-based institutions, while several departments historically associated with HBV endemicity exhibited minimal or absent research production. Nearly half of the corpus corresponded to undergraduate and postgraduate theses. Thematic analyses revealed persistent predominance of epidemiology, seroprevalence, and vaccination-related research, whereas molecular virology, therapeutics, and translational research remained peripheral or poorly represented. International collaboration was markedly limited. Overall, Peruvian HBV research has expanded quantitatively but remains geographically centralized and shows only limited correspondence with the contemporary geographic distribution of HBV incidence, while also remaining only partially aligned with the contemporary global HBV research frontier. These findings provide an evidence-based framework to guide research-priority setting, territorial equity policies, and strategic investment in infectious disease research capacity in Peru. Moreover, the weak association observed between scientific production and departmental HBV incidence suggests that factors beyond contemporary epidemiological burden contribute to the current distribution of research activity in Peru, highlighting a critical but often overlooked dimension of health inequity in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) research systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15070708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:01:08Z","timestamp":1783346468000},"page":"708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatitis B Research in Peru, 1988\u20132023: Geographic Inequities, Thematic Gaps, and Misalignment with Disease Burden"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4265-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhon Omar","family":"Palomino-Tenorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Biolog\u00eda, Programa de Estudios de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Nacional de San Crist\u00f3bal de Huamanga (UNSCH), Ayacucho 05000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2912-1191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obert","family":"Mar\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Microbiolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, Peru"},{"name":"Pathogen Genetics Research Group (PATHO-GEN), Organization for Medical Innovation and Collaboration for Sciences (OMICS), Lima 15001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8266-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy","family":"Ango-Bedri\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de San Crist\u00f3bal de Huamanga (UNSCH), Ayacucho 05000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-7450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruy D.","family":"Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genetics Research Group (PATHO-GEN), Organization for Medical Innovation and Collaboration for Sciences (OMICS), Lima 15001, Peru"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Homero","family":"Ango-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Biolog\u00eda, Programa de Estudios de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Nacional de San Crist\u00f3bal de Huamanga (UNSCH), Ayacucho 05000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). 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