{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:09:39Z","timestamp":1791230979514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species encompassing both commensal and pathogenic lineages capable of transitioning among various hosts. Within a One Health framework, we conducted a targeted screening of 38 E. coli strains isolated from wildlife, livestock, and food reservoirs to characterize their pathogenic potential by integrating genomic and phenotypic approaches. In vitro functional assays, including biofilm formation, surface motility, and adherence and invasion of HEK-293 epithelial cells, were statistically evaluated using the non-parametric Mann\u2013Whitney U test. Phenotypic analyses revealed that extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains, particularly those belonging to the high-risk ST117 clone, exhibited significantly enhanced adherence and internalization capacities. These virulent phenotypes strongly correlated with specific genetic signatures involved in iron acquisition and epithelial invasion (chuA, fyuA, vat, and tia), underscoring that the convergence of ExPEC\/UPEC determinants drives increased colonization potential. Genomic characterization further revealed that despite high virulence and widespread antimicrobial resistance, the CRISPR\/Cas subtype I-E system was highly prevalent (93.8%), displaying structural variations frequently driven by insertion sequences. Spacer analyses identified limited homology to plasmids and phages, suggesting past mobilome interactions rather than active restriction of current horizontal gene transfer. Overall, these findings illustrate how phenotypic traits of high-risk clones match their genomic virulence platforms. The convergence of multidrug resistance and pathogenic fitness across human, animal, and environmental interfaces underscores the need for integrated molecular surveillance in a One Health context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15080812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:51:23Z","timestamp":1785772283000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virulence and Invasion Profiles of Escherichia coli Across One Health Reservoirs: Genomic Insights into High-Risk Clones and Their Defense Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8019-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraya","family":"Herrera-Espejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Zarazaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"H\u00f6fle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Pach\u00f3n-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII\u2014CIBER of Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818","article-title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"2","author":"Kaper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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