{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T09:27:08Z","timestamp":1786613228377,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBZ.A130.25.034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.A130.25.034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["SUBZ.A130.25.034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.A130.25.034"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qpw1b93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide. The growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacterales, particularly to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, contributes to treatment failures and prolonged hospital stays. This single-center descriptive surveillance study aimed to evaluate the distribution of Enterobacterales recovered from culture-positive urine samples in the Provincial Specialist Hospital in W\u0142oc\u0142awek, Poland, and to determine the prevalence of \u03b2-lactam resistance phenotypes among these isolates. Urine culture results collected between January and December 2025 from all hospital wards and the outpatient urology clinic were retrospectively analyzed in this study, with 1090 positive urine cultures included. For a subset of 85 isolates, microbiological findings were additionally linked with patients\u2019 clinical characteristics. Bacteria of the genus Escherichia were the most frequently isolated (53.8%), followed by Klebsiella (22.9%) and Proteus (14.2%), with the remaining Enterobacterales genera recovered at frequencies ranging from 0.6% to 4.5%. Most isolates presented no detectable \u03b2-lactam resistance phenotype; however, resistance mediated by \u03b2-lactamase production was observed in some of them. Phenotypic ESBL and AmpC producers accounted for 25.3% and 0.6% of isolates, respectively, whereas phenotypic carbapenemase-producing strains were detected less frequently, with MBL and KPC producers representing 1.4% and 0.3% of isolates, respectively. No clear associations were identified between patient characteristics and the occurrence of specific bacterial isolates or resistance mechanisms, which may be explained by the relatively homogeneous study population, the majority of whom were \u226570 years old (66\/85; 77.6%) and had a similar burden of comorbidities. In conclusion, the current level of \u03b2-lactam resistance phenotypes among urinary Enterobacterales in our setting can be considered moderate. Nevertheless, continuous surveillance of local urine-derived bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profiles remains essential for optimizing effective control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15080840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:45:06Z","timestamp":1786545906000},"page":"840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and \u03b2-Lactam Resistance of Enterobacterales Isolated from Urinary Samples in a Regional Hospital in Poland: Special Emphasis on Elderly Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"\u0141ucja","family":"Dudzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Provincial Specialist Hospital in W\u0142oc\u0142awek, 87-800 W\u0142oc\u0142awek, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Migda\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bees Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4976-3445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Misi\u0105g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Krzy\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Dworniczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietropaolo, A. (2023). Urinary Tract Infections: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155058"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1086\/318850","article-title":"Urinary Tract Infections: Disease Panorama and Challenges","volume":"183","author":"Stamm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancuso, G., Midiri, A., Gerace, E., Marra, M., Zummo, S., and Biondo, C. (2023). Urinary Tract Infections: The Current Scenario and Future Prospects. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040623"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudzik, \u0141., Krzy\u017cek, P., and Dworniczek, E. (2025). A Review on the Current and Future State of Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262210847"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","article-title":"Urinary Tract Infections: Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options","volume":"13","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2022.100075","article-title":"Virulence Factors of Uropathogens and Their Role in Host Pathogen Interactions","volume":"8","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Surf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.09.003","article-title":"Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook","volume":"22","author":"McLellan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681473","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/681473","article-title":"Role of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Development of Urinary Tract Infection and Kidney Damage","volume":"2012","author":"Bien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S793","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab466.1608","article-title":"1416. Medicare Spending on Urinary Tract Infections: A Retrospective Database Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Sulham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz173","article-title":"A Primer on AmpC \u03b2-Lactamases: Necessary Knowledge for an Increasingly Multidrug-Resistant World","volume":"69","author":"Tamma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84754-w","article-title":"Prevalence and Genomic Insights of Carbapenem Resistant and ESBL Producing Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli in Urinary Tract Infections","volume":"15","author":"Sivarajan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.14777\/uti.2550012006","article-title":"Beta-Lactamase-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"20","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urogenit. Tract Infect."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01121-y","article-title":"Economic Burden of Antibiotic-Not-Susceptible Isolates in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: Analysis of a US Integrated Delivery Network Database","volume":"11","author":"Shafrin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-024-02336-0","article-title":"Urosepsis: Pathophysiologie, Diagnose Und Management\u2014Ein Update","volume":"63","author":"Stangl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Die Urol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240214","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2024-0214","article-title":"Efficacy of Treatment Options for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Including Acute Pyelonephritis: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wagenlehner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comp. Eff. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad402","article-title":"Treatment, Outcomes and Characterization of Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales: A Prospective Multicentre Study","volume":"79","author":"Montelin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad332","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad332","article-title":"Definitions of Urinary Tract Infection in Current Research: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Bilsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (2025). The Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters, Version 15.0, EUCAST."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Futoma-Ko\u0142och, B., Sarowska, J., Abd El-Salam, M., Mi\u00f1ana-Galbis, D., Drabov\u00e1, B., Guz-Regner, K., Wi\u015bniewska, P., and Kryniewska, V. (2025). Current Insights into Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Interventions Using Selected Bioactive Phytochemicals. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14121242"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trze\u015bniewska-Ofiara, Z., Mendrycka, M., and Wo\u017aniak-Kosek, A. (2025). Drug Susceptibility of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Treated at the Mazovian Specialized Hospital in Radom. Acta Biochim. Pol., 72.","DOI":"10.3389\/abp.2025.14082"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawalec, A., J\u00f3zefiak, J., and Kili\u015b-Pstrusi\u0144ska, K. (2023). Urinary Tract Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: 5-Year Experience in a Tertiary Pediatric Nephrology Center in the Southwestern Region of Poland. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091454"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petca, R.-C., Mare\u0219, C., Petca, A., Negoi\u021b\u0103, S., Popescu, R.-I., Bo\u021b, M., Barab\u00e1s, E., and Chibelean, C.B. (2020). Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens in Romanian Females. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080472"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajd\u00e1cs, M., and Urb\u00e1n, E. (2019). Comparative Epidemiology and Resistance Trends of Proteae in Urinary Tract Infections of Inpatients and Outpatients: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. Antibiotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8030091"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw223","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Urinary Tract Infections in Primary Care","volume":"71","author":"Chin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00877-9","article-title":"Current and Emerging Strategies to Curb Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections","volume":"21","author":"Simoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jo, S.B., Ahn, S.T., Joo, H.J., Kim, J.W., and Oh, M.M. (2025). Carbapenem Resistance and ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Patients with Urological Infections from 2012 to 2021 in Three Korean Hospitals. Diagnostics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15162004"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"17193","article-title":"Applying International Urinary Tract Infection Guidelines in Poland: Epidemiologic Insights from Southern Poland","volume":"136","author":"Gajda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.121","article-title":"Critical Issues for Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC-Carbapenemase Producing K. pneumoniae Infections: A Critical Agenda","volume":"10","author":"Corcione","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urinary Tract Infections in the Elderly: A Review of Disease Characteristics and Current Treatment Options","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajd\u00e1cs, M., \u00c1br\u00f3k, M., L\u00e1z\u00e1r, A., and Buri\u00e1n, K. (2021). Urinary Tract Infections in Elderly Patients: A 10-Year Study on Their Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Based on the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) Classification. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091098"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"128","article-title":"Selected Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infections","volume":"31","author":"Kocur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Probl. Piel\u0119g."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonadio, M., Costarelli, S., Morelli, G., and Tartaglia, T. (2006). The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on the Spectrum of Uropathogens and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Elderly Adult Patients with Urinary Tract Infection. BMC Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-54"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ming, H., Na, W., Tingting, H., Huiyi, W., and Jiaping, W. (2026). Low-Inflammatory Response Phenotypes in Elderly Urinary Tract Infections: Pathogen Type, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Comorbidity-Associated Risk Profiles. BMC Geriatr., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06901-w"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.01.012","article-title":"Interrelations of Immunological Parameters, Nutrition, and Healthcare-Associated Infections: Prospective Study in Elderly in-Patients","volume":"34","author":"Laurent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/15\/8\/840\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:33:33Z","timestamp":1786610013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/15\/8\/840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens15080840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens15080840","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]}}}