{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T10:25:48Z","timestamp":1787135148801,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000996","name":"Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["75590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75590"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023wsvq95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risk assessment is critical for managing health threats at the human\u2013animal\u2013environment interface, yet sector-specific approaches can result in fragmented actions. To address this gap, the Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT), an operational tool of the Tripartite Zoonoses Guide, was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Organization for Animal Health. The JRA OT provides a structured framework for joint qualitative risk assessments that integrate multisectoral expertise to identify risk pathways, assess likelihood and impact, and develop consensus-based risk management and communication options. Surveillance systems play a critical role in this process by providing the multisectoral data needed to inform risk assessments, while the JRA process helps identify information gaps and guide the strengthening of integrated One Health surveillance. Implemented in at least 52 countries, the JRA OT has informed national mandates in Indonesia, Viet Nam, and Tanzania, regional strategies in West Africa, and adaptations in Canada. Cascade training has been used to build subnational capacity to facilitate roll out. Sustained leadership commitment, multisectoral coordination, routine applications, local adaptation, and capacity building remain essential for global implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15080861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:30:53Z","timestamp":1787131853000},"page":"861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strengthening One Health: Global Applications of the Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ong-orn","family":"Prasarnphanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Headquarters, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sithar","family":"Dorjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi 110002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukshanda","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OK9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Country Office, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Calvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OK9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5744-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hien","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Country Office, Hanoi 11119, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Sousa","family":"Hoejskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunel","family":"Ismayilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi 110002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9183-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Kuriata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Country Office, 04071 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica Kayamori","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Western Pacific, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6716-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Scheuermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Headquarters, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieble","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Dakar 12500, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6051-5135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Vrbova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OK9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Trumble","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OK9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chadia","family":"Wannous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Organisation for Animal Health, 75017 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endang Widuri","family":"Wulandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Country Office, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyanendra","family":"Gongal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi 110002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"de la Rocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Headquarters, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and World Organisation for Animal Health (2019). Taking a Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries, WOAH. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241514934."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and World Organisation for Animal Health (2021). Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT): An Operational Tool of the Tripartite Zoonoses Guide, WOAH. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240015142."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, March 11). Rapid Risk Assessment of Acute Public Health Events. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/rapid-risk-assessment-of-acute-public-health-events."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) (2026, March 11). Chapter 2.1: Import Risk Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahc\/2018\/en_chapitre_import_risk_analysis.htm."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (2026, March 11). Framework for Pest Risk Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.ippc.int\/en\/publications\/framework-pest-risk-analysis\/."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2026, March 11). Codex Alimentarius Commission\u2014Procedural Manual. Section III: Working Principles for Risk Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/a0247e\/a0247e04.htm."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025). WHO EPI-WIN Webinar: Global Applications of the One Health Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT), WHO. 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One Health Approach to Risk Assessment: Executive Summary. Available online: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/emergency-preparedness-response\/rapid-risk-assessments-public-health-professionals\/one-health-approach-risk-assessment-executive-summary.html."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (2026, March 11). Risk Assessments for Public Health Professionals: Methodology. Available online: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/emergency-preparedness-response\/rapid-risk-assessments-public-health-professionals\/methods.html."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (2026, March 11). Risk Assessments for Public Health Professionals. 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Available online: https:\/\/openwho.org\/emergencymgmt\/525718\/On955344e+Health."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/15\/8\/861\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:42:57Z","timestamp":1787132577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/15\/8\/861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens15080861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens15080861","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}}}