{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:08:40Z","timestamp":1788930520363,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["APVV-23-0428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["APVV-23-0428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0428"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037nx0e70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections in young women are poorly characterized across age and cytology, particularly with partial genotyping. We assessed multiple hrHPV infections among HPV-positive women aged 18\u201325 years with NILM, ASC-US, or LSIL; the secondary objective was hrHPV positivity among electively tested women with NILM. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2024 laboratory data from northern Slovakia. Of 7613 unique women, 7574 met cytological eligibility criteria; 804 underwent cobas 4800 testing, and 295 were hrHPV-positive. Multiple infection, defined as concurrent detection of at least two reportable categories (HPV16, HPV18, or other hrHPV), occurred in 69\/295 women (23.4%; 95% CI, 18.9\u201328.5%). No statistically detectable variation was observed by cytology after age adjustment (p = 0.471) or by age after cytology adjustment (p = 0.891). Among women with multiple infections, HPV16 combined with other hrHPV was the most frequent pattern (30\/69; 43.5%). Among 396 electively tested women with NILM, 75 were hrHPV-positive (18.9%; 95% CI, 15.4\u201323.1%); positivity was lower at ages 23\u201325 than 18\u201322 (10.6% vs. 26.6%; OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19\u20130.57; p &lt; 0.001). The NILM estimate describes a self-selected preventive cohort and is not population-representative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15090949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:30:02Z","timestamp":1788798602000},"page":"949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple High-Risk HPV Infections and Opportunistic HPV Prevalence Among Women Aged 18\u201325 Years with NILM, ASC-US, or LSIL Cytology: A 2024 Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Kudela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Rokos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Kozubik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Terezia","family":"Pribulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Piovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3471-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Biringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-025-00675-x","article-title":"The incidence of high-risk HPV infections in Slovakia at the start of the national organized screening for cervical cancer","volume":"20","author":"Kudela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. 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