{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:09:48Z","timestamp":1788948588470,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kunming Comprehensive Experimental Station Project of National Vegetable Industry Technology System","award":["CARS-23-G56"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-23-G56"]}]},{"name":"expert workstation project of Yunnan Science and Technology Association"},{"name":"Qujing City expert workstation project"},{"name":"Yunnan Province expert grassroots"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marigold (Tagetes spp.), a widely cultivated popular ornamental plant that is highly susceptible to fungal diseases, particularly leaf spot and stem wilt, which can substantially reduce its ornamental and economic value. This study aimed to identify the causal pathogens responsible for these diseases and evaluate the efficacy of selected antifungal agents against them. The causal agent of leaf spot was identified as Alternaria alternata, whereas stem wilt was caused by the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), based on Koch\u2019s postulates, morphological characterization, and molecular identification. The antifungal activities of five commercially available fungicides were subsequently evaluated against both pathogens. The results showed that isomycete fluridine suspension (40%), metalaxyl\u2013oxametrin suspension (32%), eugenol liquid (0.3%), pyrazolesterin methyl thiobacillin suspension (41%), and pyrazolesterin tebuconazole suspension (30%) demonstrated varying degrees of inhibitory activity. The EC50 values for A. alternata ranged from 10.588 to 49.604 mg\/L, while those against FSSC ranged from 12.273 to 27.921 mg\/L. These findings provide insights into the potency of these fungicides and offer a scientific basis for developing integrated disease management strategies for marigold cultivation, although further research is required to validate and evaluate their long-term efficacy and environmental safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15090959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:24:02Z","timestamp":1788945842000},"page":"959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combating Two Major Fungal Diseases in Marigold (Tagetes spp.): Insights into Pathogen Identification and Antifungal Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niaz","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China"},{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18150, Pakistan"},{"name":"International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yue-Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ci-Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, 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Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shao-Fang","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Bohao Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Qujing 655331, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Song","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Bohao Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Qujing 655331, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding of Yunnan Province, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Sheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Datta, S.K., and Gupta, Y.C. 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