{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:09:48Z","timestamp":1788948588476,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biocide usage in premises plumbing systems requires a multidimensional evaluation to ensure that all interfering factors are controlled and the microorganism presence is strictly limited or eradicated. Current research on electrolyzed water as a primary water biocide has been limited to isolated aspects of its application, providing an insufficient overview of both biocide properties and usage. Following a narrative literature review, this study proposes a unified framework for analyzing water biocides, structuring our research into a multidimensional approach starting from chemical properties and concluding with implementation challenges. Although electrolyzed water constitutes a robust strategy for water safety, further research is necessary regarding efficacy against amoebae and fungi. Careful consideration must also be given to technical aspects, such as material compatibility and overall persistence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15090962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:24:02Z","timestamp":1788945842000},"page":"962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrolyzed Water as a Biocide in Premise Water Networks: A Narrative Review and a Conceptual Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8710-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6841-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"D\u2019Orazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Baggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, D., Kabayama, S., Watanabe, Y., and Cui, Y. 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