{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:18:15Z","timestamp":1768868295750,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI107825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI107825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE022550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE022550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE023815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE023815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>IL-17 protects against pathogens by acting on nonhematopoietic cells to induce neutrophil recruitment through upregulation of chemokines and G-CSF. IL-17- and  Th17-deficient humans and mice are susceptible to mucosal Candida albicans infections, linked to impaired neutrophil responses. IL-17 production is traditionally associated with CD4+ Th17 cells. However, IL-17 is also expressed during innate responses to facilitate rapid pathogen clearance. Innate IL-17-expressing cells include various lymphocyte-type subsets, including ILC3, NKT, \u03b3\u03b4-T and \u201cnatural\u201d Th17 (nTh17) cells. Some reports suggest that neutrophils can express IL-17 during fungal infections. Here, we asked whether neutrophils serve as a source of IL-17 during acute oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) using an IL-17A fate-tracking reporter mouse. Mice were subjected to OPC for two days, and oral tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-17A was expressed by \u03b3\u03b4-T cells and TCR\u03b2+ natural Th17 (nTh17) cells, as recently reported. Although infiltrating neutrophils were recruited to the tongue following infection, they did not express the IL-17A reporter. Moreover,  neutrophil-depleted mice exhibited normal transcription of both Il17a and downstream IL-17-dependent gene targets after Candida challenge. Thus, in acute OPC, neutrophils are not a measurable source of IL-17 production, nor are they necessary to trigger IL-17-dependent gene expression, although they are essential for ultimate pathogen control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4030559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T10:44:26Z","timestamp":1437734666000},"page":"559-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neutrophils Do Not Express IL-17A in the Context of Acute Oropharyngeal Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Huppler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, BST S702, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, BST S702, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gaffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, BST S702, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833fd74f","article-title":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and congenital susceptibility to Candida","volume":"10","author":"Glocker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. 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