{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1788958983606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent massive reduction in the numbers of fresh Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) infection has presented an opportunity for the global elimination of this disease. To prevent a possible resurgence, as was the case after the reduced transmission of the 1960s, surveillance needs to be sustained and the necessary tools for detection and treatment of cases need to be made available at the points of care. In this review, we examine the available resources and make recommendations for improvement to ensure the sustenance of the already achieved gains to keep the trend moving towards elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T11:26:22Z","timestamp":1567077982000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sustainable Elimination (Zero Cases) of Sleeping Sickness: How Far Are We from Achieving This Goal?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pearl Ihuoma","family":"Akazue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300283, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4072-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godwin U.","family":"Ebiloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olumide","family":"Ajibola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul PO Box 273, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma 310101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenechukwu","family":"Onyekwelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles O.","family":"Ezeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4821-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthonius Anayochukwu","family":"Eze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194176","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/194176","article-title":"Trypanosoma evansi and Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Origin, History, Distribution, Taxonomy, Morphology, Hosts, and Pathogenic Effects","volume":"2013","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. 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