{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1760240936644,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Health, Spain","award":["PI18\/01380 and RICET (RD16\/0027\/0001 of the program of Redes Tem\u00e1ticas de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa, FIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01380 and RICET (RD16\/0027\/0001 of the program of Redes Tem\u00e1ticas de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa, FIS"]}]},{"name":"Spanish MINECO co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["RTI2018-094356-B-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094356-B-C21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis remains a major world health problem, and in particular, Algeria ranks second for the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Pulicaria inuloides is a well-known Arabian Peninsula medicinal plant. In the present study, the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts from the roots of Pulicaria inuloides were analyzed for antioxidant activity and its correlation with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The highest antioxidant activity using a DPPH assay was showed by the ethyl acetate extract (IC50 4.08 \u00b5g\/mL), which also had the highest total phenolic content (307.12 \u00b5gAGE). Furthermore, P. inuloides root extracts were evaluated against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani. The results highlighted the chloroform extract as the most active one against both tested Leishmania strains. A bioguided fractionation of the chloroform extract led to the isolation of (8R:8S)-(75:25 er)-10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol isobutyrate as the main bioactive component, showing a potent leishmanicidal activity on L. amazonensis promatigote and amastigote stages (IC50 5.03 and 2.87 \u00b5M, respectively) and a good selectivity index on murine macrophages (CC50 19.37 \u00b5M). This study provides the first report of the antioxidant and leishmanicidal activities of P. inuloides root extracts and the results point to this species as a source of potential bioactive agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T03:20:36Z","timestamp":1571973636000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antioxidant and Leishmanicidal Evaluation of Pulicaria Inuloides Root Extracts: A Bioguided Fractionation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hamza","family":"Fadel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Mol\u00e9cules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimique et Biologiques, Universit\u00e9 Constantine-1, Route d\u2019Ain El Bey, 25 000 Constantine, Algerie"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Sifaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u0131sico Fco. Sanchez, S\/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratoire Materiaux-Molecules et Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, 2070 La Marsa, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atteneri","family":"L\u00f3pez-Arencibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u0131sico Fco. Sanchez, S\/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Reyes-Batlle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u0131sico Fco. Sanchez, S\/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio A.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Bio-Org\u00e1nica Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Lorenzo-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u0131sico Fco. Sanchez, S\/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Ghedadba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology of the Bioactive Molecules and Cellular Physiopathology, Department of Biology, University of Batna, 05000 Batna, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Benayache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Mol\u00e9cules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimique et Biologiques, Universit\u00e9 Constantine-1, Route d\u2019Ain El Bey, 25 000 Constantine, Algerie"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6233-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Pi\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Medicina Preventiva y Salud P\u00fablica, Toxicolog\u00eda, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrof\u0131sico Fco. Sanchez, S\/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7698-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel L.","family":"Bazzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Bio-Org\u00e1nica Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2019, July 29). Leishmaniasis. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-84256","article-title":"Guidelines. 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