{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:41:07Z","timestamp":1790617267247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by B. abortus and B. melitensis in Pakistan. The status of canine brucellosis caused by B. canis remains obscure. In total, 181 serum samples were collected from stray and working dogs in two different prefectures viz. Faisalabad (n = 87) and Bahawalpur (n = 94). Presence of antibodies against B. canis and B. abortus\/B. melitensis was determined using the slow agglutination test (SAT) and ELISA, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to detect and differentiate Brucella DNA at the species level. In Faisalabad, the serological prevalence was found to be 9.2% (8\/87) and 10.3% (9\/87) by SAT and ELISA, respectively. Only one of the ELISA positive samples (1.15%) yielded amplification for B. abortus DNA. In Bahawalpur, 63.8% (60\/94) samples were found positive by SAT; however, none of the samples was positive by ELISA or by real-time PCR. Location, age (\u22651 year) and body condition (weak) were found to be associated with B. canis infection, whereas presence of wounds was found to be associated with B. abortus infection only. These findings point towards a risk of transmission from dog to livestock and humans and vice versa. The study expects to draw the attention of concerned authorities towards infection prevention and animal welfare. This study warrants further epidemiological investigation on brucellosis in pet dogs and their owners. To the best of our knowledge, this is first ever report on B. canis and B. abortus in dogs in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:27:22Z","timestamp":1576236442000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Serological and Molecular Investigation of Brucella Species in Dogs in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tariq","family":"Jamil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iahtasham","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, sub-campus Jhang, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudassar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hammad Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Vance Street, Bardia 2565, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6303-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2187","article-title":"Epidemiology of brucellosis in domestic animals caused by Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis and Brucella abortus","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. 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