{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:26:08Z","timestamp":1789017968655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311389\/2016-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311389\/2016-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAEDT 03230\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAEDT 03230\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection in women. In this study, Platonia insignis hydroalcoholic extract (PiHE) and its fractions were evaluated for antifungal and antivirulence activities against vaginal Candida species. Dichloromethane (DCMF) and ethyl acetate fractions (EAF) obtained from PiHE effectively inhibited the pathogen. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used for identifying the main compounds in extracts. Minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) were determined by a broth microdilution assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of the extract and fractions on the virulence properties of Candida albicans, and their cytotoxicity effect was determined on RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds found in extracts were flavonoid glycosides, mainly derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. Extracts showed antifungal potential, with the lowest MIC value for EAF (1.3 mg\/mL) and inhibited Candida adherence and biofilm formation. EAF disrupted 48 h biofilms with an inhibition rate of more than 90%. The extract and its fractions exhibited no cytotoxicity. The antifungal effects were attributed to the ability of these extracts to alter the mitochondrial membrane potential for the release of pro-apoptotic factors in the cytosol. In conclusion, our data suggest that PiHE and EAF could act as novel candidates for the development of new therapeutic treatments against fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T10:51:07Z","timestamp":1580295067000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antifungal and Antivirulence Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Fractions of Platonia insignis Leaves against Vaginal Isolates of Candida Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anderson Fran\u00e7a","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia\u2014RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Quintino","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Tecnol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Cl\u00e1udio Nascimento","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia das Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsander Rodrigues","family":"Carvalho J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia das Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iven Neylla Farias Vale","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65485-000 Itapecuru-Mirim, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Borges","family":"de Araruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia\u2014RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizangela Pestana","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia\u2014RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayssa de Sousa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Programa de Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmem Duarte Lima","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Programa de Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josivan Regis","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia\u2014RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alu\u00edsio da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia\u2014RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas Henrique dos Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Curso de Especializa\u00e7\u00e3o em Microbiologia Cl\u00ednica, Universidade Ceuma, 65075-120 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Raquel F","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia\u2014RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, 65085-580 S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Ma, 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