{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:27:07Z","timestamp":1772252827276,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"africa bioscience challenge fund","award":["---"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["---"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003024","name":"International Society for Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["--"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["--"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the amount of resources deployed and the technological advancements in molecular biology, vaccinology, immunology, genetics, and biotechnology, there are still no effective vaccines against malaria. Immunity to malaria is usually seen to be species- and\/or strain-specific. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting the possibility of the existence of cross-strain, cross-species, and cross-genus immune responses in apicomplexans. The principle of gene conservation indicates that homologues play a similar role in closely related organisms. The homologue of UB05 in Theileria parva is TpUB05 (XP_763711.1), which has been tested and shown to be associated with protective immunity in East Coast fever. In a bid to identify potent markers of protective immunity to aid malaria vaccine development, TpUB05 was tested in malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It was observed that TpUB05 was better at detecting antigen-specific antibodies in plasma compared to UB05 when tested by ELISA. The total IgG raised against TpUB05 was able to block parasitic growth in vitro more effectively than that raised against UB05. However, there was no significant difference between the two study antigens in recalling peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) memory through IFN-\u03b3 production. This study suggests, for the first time, that TpUB05 from T. parva cross-reacts with UB05 from P. falciparum and is a marker of protective immunity in malaria. Hence, TpUB05 should be considered for possible development as a potential subunit vaccine candidate against malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9040271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1586325587000},"page":"271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the Role of TpUB05 Antigen from Theileria parva in Immune Responses to Malaria in Humans Compared to Its Homologue in Plasmodium falciparum the UB05 Antigen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8457-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome Nyhalah","family":"Dinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Numenyi","family":"Perimbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley Dobgima","family":"Gamua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis N. G.","family":"Chuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa\u2014International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P. O. Box 30709 Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieudonn\u00e9 Lemuh","family":"Njimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Appolinaire","family":"Djikeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa\u2014International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P. O. Box 30709 Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Pelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa\u2014International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P. O. Box 30709 Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent P. K.","family":"Titanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Cameroon Christian University Institute, P.O. Box 5 Bali, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00391","article-title":"Enlightening the malaria parasite life cycle: Bioluminescent Plasmodium in fundamental and applied research","volume":"6","author":"Siciliano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03006","article-title":"Parasite Recognition and Signaling Mechanisms, innate immune responses to malaria","volume":"9","author":"Gowda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2016.1141680","article-title":"Progress and prospects for blood-stage malaria vaccines","volume":"15","author":"Miura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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