{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:58:30Z","timestamp":1791241110507,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1180423_2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1180423_2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Self Initiated Research (SAMRC-SIR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Self Initiated Research (SAMRC-SIR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001323","name":"Poliomyelitis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRF 19\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRF 19\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emergence of DS-1-like G1P[8] group A rotavirus (RVA) strains during post-rotavirus vaccination period has recently been reported in several countries. This study demonstrates, for the first time, rare atypical DS-1-like G1P[8] RVA strains that circulated in 2008 during pre-vaccine era in South Africa. Rotavirus positive samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Two G1P[8] strains (RVA\/Human-wt\/ZAF\/UFS-NGS-MRC-DPRU1971\/2008\/G1P[8] and RVA\/Human-wt\/ZAF\/UFS-NGS-MRC-DPRU1973\/2008\/G1P[8]) possessed a DS-1-like genome constellation background (I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). The outer VP4 and VP7 capsid genes of the two South African G1P[8] strains had the highest nucleotide (amino acid) nt (aa) identities of 99.6\u201399.9% (99.1\u2013100%) with the VP4 and the VP7 genes of a locally circulating South African strain, RVA\/Human-wt\/ZAF\/MRC-DPRU1039\/2008\/G1P[8]. All the internal backbone genes (VP1\u2013VP3, VP6, and NSP1-NSP5) had the highest nt (aa) identities with cognate internal genes of another locally circulating South African strain, RVA\/Human-wt\/ZAF\/MRC-DPRU2344\/2008\/G2P[6]. The two study strains emerged through reassortment mechanism involving locally circulating South African strains, as they were distinctly unrelated to other reported atypical G1P[8] strains. The identification of these G1P[8] double-gene reassortants during the pre-vaccination period strongly supports natural RVA evolutionary mechanisms of the RVA genome. There is a need to maintain long-term whole-genome surveillance to monitor such atypical strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9050391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T10:37:38Z","timestamp":1589971058000},"page":"391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Uncovering the First Atypical DS-1-like G1P[8] Rotavirus Strains That Circulated during Pre-Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction Era in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton T.","family":"Mogotsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebotsana P.","family":"Rasebotsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mapaseka L.","family":"Seheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Jeffrey","family":"Mphahlele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valantine N.","family":"Ndze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis E.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3376-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khuzwayo C.","family":"Jere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK"},{"name":"Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 312225, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5017-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin M.","family":"Nyaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, August 20). 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