{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:33:09Z","timestamp":1790908389048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008065","name":"Georgia Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Kyle Endowment"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Kyle Endowment"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathogenic free-living amoebae, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and several Acanthamoeba species are the etiological agents of severe brain diseases, with case mortality rates &gt; 90%. A number of constraints including misdiagnosis and partially effective treatments lead to these high fatality rates. The unmet medical need is for rapidly acting, highly potent new drugs to reduce these alarming mortality rates. Herein, we report the discovery of new drugs as potential anti-amoebic agents. We used the CellTiter-Glo 2.0 high-throughput screening methods to screen the Medicines for Malaria Ventures (MMV) Pandemic Response Box in a search for new active chemical scaffolds. Initially, we screened the library as a single-point assay at 10 and 1 \u00b5M. From these data, we reconfirmed hits by conducting quantitative dose\u2013response assays and identified 12 hits against B. mandrillaris, 29 against N. fowleri, and 14 against A. castellanii ranging from nanomolar to low micromolar potency. We further describe 11 novel molecules with activity against B. mandrillaris, 22 against N. fowleri, and 9 against A. castellanii. These structures serve as a starting point for medicinal chemistry studies and demonstrate the utility of phenotypic screening for drug discovery to treat diseases caused by free-living amoebae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1592313643000},"page":"476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Discovery of Anti-Amoebic Inhibitors from Screening the MMV Pandemic Response Box on Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Acanthamoeba castellanii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Rice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5879-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma V.","family":"Troth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Cassiopeia","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0238-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis E.","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2004.01.002","article-title":"Opportunistic Amoebae: Challenges in Prophylaxis and Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Schuster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Resist. 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