{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:10:46Z","timestamp":1777435846872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/04559-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/04559-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-human primates (NHPs) have been shown to be infected by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria in humans, creating potential risks of zoonotic transmission. Plasmodium brasilianum, a parasite species similar to P. malariae of humans, have been described in NHPs from Central and South America, including Brazil. The merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), besides being a malaria vaccine candidate, is highly immunogenic. Due to such properties, we tested this protein for the diagnosis of parasite infection. We used recombinant proteins of P. malariae MSP1, as well as of P. falciparum and P. vivax, for the detection of antibodies anti-MSP1 of these parasite species, in the sera of NHPs collected in different regions of Brazil. About 40% of the NHP sera were confirmed as reactive to the proteins of one or more parasite species. A relatively higher number of reactive sera was found in animals from the Atlantic Forest than those from the Amazon region, possibly reflecting the former more intense parasite circulation among NHPs due to their proximity to humans at a higher populational density. The presence of Plasmodium positive NHPs in the surveyed areas, being therefore potential parasite reservoirs, needs to be considered in any malaria surveillance program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1593429437000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Naturally Acquired Humoral Immunity against Malaria Parasites in Non-Human Primates from the Brazilian Amazon, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana Ferreira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Fernandez-Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3607-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maisa da Silva","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rond\u00f4nia, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariluce Rezende","family":"Messias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rond\u00f4nia, Porto Velho, RO 78900-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5241-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Shozo","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Laborat\u00f3rios Especializados, Superintend\u00eancia de Controle de Endemias, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7903-4147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Galv\u00e3o","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2999-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luiz","family":"Catao-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7884-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Romeiro Fernandes","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pesquisas Aplicadas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Parque Zool\u00f3gico de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 04301-905, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1589-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno da Silva","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayra Gomes dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01311-925, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9fanie Vanessa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01311-925, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, AC Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01525-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia Moreira","family":"Holcman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Laborat\u00f3rios Especializados, Superintend\u00eancia de Controle de Endemias, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Julio Cesar de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC 89012-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Projeto Bugio, Centro de Pesquisas Biol\u00f3gicas, Indaial, SC 89130-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2449-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Kirchgatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Laborat\u00f3rios Especializados, Superintend\u00eancia de Controle de Endemias, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990515","article-title":"The carboxy-terminus of merozoite surface protein 1: Structure, specific antibodies and immunity to malaria","volume":"136","author":"Holder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.5.1528","article-title":"Biosynthesis and processing of a Plasmodium falciparum schizont antigen recognized by immune serum and a monoclonal antibody","volume":"156","author":"Holder","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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