{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:09:26Z","timestamp":1788041366561,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spanish Government) co-financed by FEDER funds","award":["AGL2016-76568-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016-76568-R"]}]},{"name":"Ana Garc\u00eda-Gal\u00e1n P\u00e9rez is a beneficiary of a research fellowship (State Subprogram Training of the State Program for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability","award":["BES-2017-080186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2017-080186"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma bovis is an important bovine pathogen causing pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis and is responsible for major economic losses worldwide. In the absence of an efficient vaccine, control of M. bovis infections mainly relies on antimicrobial treatments, but resistance is reported in an increasing number of countries. To address the situation in Spain, M. bovis was searched in 436 samples collected from beef and dairy cattle (2016\u20132019) and 28% were positive. Single-locus typing using polC sequences further revealed that two subtypes ST2 and ST3, circulate in Spain both in beef and dairy cattle, regardless of the regions or the clinical signs. Monitoring of ST2 and ST3 isolates minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to a panel of antimicrobials revealed one major difference when using fluoroquinolones (FQL): ST2 is more susceptible than ST3. Accordingly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) further identified mutations in the gyrA and parC regions, encoding quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) only in ST3 isolates. This situation shows the capacity of ST3 to accumulate mutations in QRDR and might reflect the selective pressure imposed by the extensive use of these antimicrobials. MIC values and detection of mutations by WGS also showed that most Spanish isolates are resistant to macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines. Valnemulin was the only one effective, at least in vitro, against both STs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T10:41:09Z","timestamp":1594118469000},"page":"545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mycoplasma bovis in Spanish Cattle Herds: Two Groups of Multiresistant Isolates Predominate, with One Remaining Susceptible to Fluoroquinolones"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201c<i>Campus Mare Nostrum<\/i>\u201d, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent-Xavier","family":"Nouvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0660-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Baranowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201c<i>Campus Mare Nostrum<\/i>\u201d, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Microbiological Agents associated with Reproduction (<i>ProVaginBio<\/i>) Research Group, Department of Animal Health and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University CEU Cardenal Herrera of Valencia, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1868-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201c<i>Campus Mare Nostrum<\/i>\u201d, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4754-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Citti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"de la Fe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201c<i>Campus Mare Nostrum<\/i>\u201d, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"582","article-title":"Bovine mastitis caused by a Mycoplasma species","volume":"52","author":"Hale","year":"1962","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(02)00155-8","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovis: Disease, diagnosis, and control","volume":"74","author":"Nicholas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. 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