{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:49:37Z","timestamp":1792259377409,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2015\/SKK12\/UPM\/03\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2015\/SKK12\/UPM\/03\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The major route for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is through the ingestion of foods contaminated with oocyst from cat faeces. The microscopic detection of T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces is challenging, which contributes to the failure of detecting or differentiating it from other related coccidian parasites. This study aims to detect T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces using two multicopy-target PCR assays and to evaluate their genetic diversity. Cat faecal (200) samples were collected from pet cats (PCs; 100) and free-roaming cats (FRCs; 100) within Klang Valley, Malaysia, and screened for coccidian oocysts by microscopy using Sheather\u2019s sucrose floatation. PCR assays were performed on each faecal sample, targeting a B1 gene and a repetitive element (REP) gene to confirm T. gondii oocysts. Additionally, the PCR amplicons from the REP gene were sequenced to further confirm T. gondii-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Microscopy detected 7\/200 (3.5%) T. gondii-like oocysts, while both the B1 gene and the REP gene detected 17\/200 (8.5%) samples positive for T. gondii. All samples that were microscopically positive for T. gondii-like oocysts were also shown to be positive by both B1 and REP genes. The BLAST results sequenced for 16\/200 (8.0%) PCR-positive T. gondii samples revealed homology and genetic heterogeneity with T. gondii strains in the GenBank, except for only one positive sample that did not show a result. There was almost perfect agreement (k = 0.145) between the two PCR assays targeting the B1 gene and the REP gene. This is the first report on microscopic, molecular detection and genetic diversity of T. gondii from cat faecal samples in Malaysia. In addition, the sensitivities of either the B1 gene or REP gene multicopy-target PCR assays are suitable for the accurate detection of T. gondii from cat faeces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T10:54:46Z","timestamp":1594896886000},"page":"576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2923-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Nasiru Wana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9282-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad Aris","family":"Mohd Moklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malaika","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Medicine &amp; Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngah","family":"Zasmy Unyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharif","family":"Alhassan Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano 700241, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1522-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf","family":"Ahmad Issa Alapid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alasaba, University of Gharyan, Gharyan 010101, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1019-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norshariza","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusliza","family":"Basir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roslaini","family":"Abd Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.007","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Dubey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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