{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:53:27Z","timestamp":1766087607157,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. Equines are susceptible to the infection when in close contact with infected animals. The objective of our study was to update the existing knowledge and detect and differentiate the causative agent of brucellosis in breeding equines in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and etiology of the infection in the equine population in three districts. A total of 448 equine sera were collected from three prefectures viz. Sahiwal, Khanewal, and Okara of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Ninety-six (21.4%) samples were found positive by RBPT, 3.56% (16\/448) by iELISA, and 4.24% (19\/448) by CFT. Real-time PCR demonstrated the presence of Brucella abortus-DNA in sero-positive samples. Age and location were found as risk factors. The study concludes equine brucellosis seroprevalence in the country where Brucella abortus as the main etiology. Fistulous withers and poll evil cases should be treated with care as they could be hazardous and a source of zoonotic transmission. Routine screening at an early age, vaccination in ruminants, and consumption of pasteurized dairy milk in humans is recommended for prevention of the infection. Specific tests need to be standardized and validated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T09:22:31Z","timestamp":1597828951000},"page":"673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serological and Molecular Investigation of Brucellosis in Breeding Equids in Pakistani Punjab"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Amjad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Baluchistan, Quetta 87550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Malik","family":"Tareen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Baluchistan, Quetta 87550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Hammad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vance Street, Bardia 2565, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iahtasham","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus Jhang 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Zohaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riaz","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Epidemiology), Khan Bahadar Choudhry Mushtaq Ahmed College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal 51600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mudassar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0448-6","article-title":"Isolation and identification of bovine Brucella isolates from Pakistan by biochemical tests and PCR","volume":"46","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Anim. 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