{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:12:38Z","timestamp":1790885558947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathophysiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the pathophysiology of liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of two antioxidants, namely coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and silymarin, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in ovariectomized rats. Female Long Evans rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): control, CCl4, CCl4 + CoQ10 (200 mg\/kg), CCl4 + silymarin (140 mg\/kg), Control + CoQ10, and Control + silymarin. Plasma and tissues from liver and kidney were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities using biochemical assays. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were assessed by histological staining of tissue sections. Both CoQ10 and silymarin significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels that were detected to be higher in CCl4 rats compared to controls. Significant reduction in CCl4-induced elevated levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) was observed with both antioxidants. However, in control rats, CoQ10 and silymarin did not produce a significant effect. Histological analysis revealed that CCl4 markedly increased the level of inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in liver and kidney tissues, but this was significantly reduced in CCl4 + CoQ10 and CCl4 + silymarin groups. Taken together, our results suggest that CoQ10 and silymarin can protect the liver against oxidative damage through improved antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation. Thus, supplementation of the aforementioned antioxidants may be useful as a therapeutic intervention to protect liver health in chronic liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology28010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1611196565000},"page":"50-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Coenzyme Q10 and Silymarin Reduce CCl4-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver and Kidney Injury in Ovariectomized Rats\u2014Implications for Protective Therapy in Chronic Liver and Kidney Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Samanta Sifat","family":"Lamia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1719-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tushar","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jubaida Khatun","family":"Rikta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9964-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nowreen Islam","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7775-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoneeta","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabinda","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarin Tasnim","family":"Gias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0946-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manik Chandra","family":"Shill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Mahmud","family":"Reza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara R\/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.1305","article-title":"The Role of Salicornia herbacea in Ovariectomy-Induced Oxidative Stress","volume":"29","author":"Bae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. 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