{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:22:59Z","timestamp":1760149379424,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathophysiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in confirmed cases, making epidemiological studies crucial for identifying the source of transmission and developing effective treatment methods. We conducted a study on the clinical characteristics of patients with asymptomatic and mild symptoms of COVID-19 at a rescue hospital in Indonesia. Methods: This is an epidemiological study involving 6102 patients who were admitted to the Indrapura forefront hospital in Surabaya from May 2020 to February 2021. We described demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, therapy, and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 6102 patients were involved in this study, with 3664 (60.04%) being male and 2438 (39.95%) being female. The age range of 21\u201330 years was the most prevalent, accounting for 31.1% (1898 patients). The population had 1476 patients (24.2%) with comorbid conditions. The most prevalent comorbidity observed among these patients was hypertension, affecting 1015 individuals (16.6%). Out of the total 6006 patients observed, 40.7% (n = 2486) were asymptomatic, 54.6% (n = 3329) had mild symptoms, and 3.1% (n = 191) had moderate symptoms. All patients were administered supportive therapy without the use of antiviral medication. Out of the 6102 patients included in the study, 5923 patients (97.1%) achieved a cure, 36 patients (0.6%) are currently undergoing treatment, 142 patients (2.3%) were referred for desaturation indications (SpO2 &lt; 94%), and one patient died due to a suspected cardiovascular event. Out of the total number of patients, 74.5% (4529 patients) had an average length of stay (LOS) of less than 10 days, while 25.6% (1563 patients) had an average length of stay of more than 10 days. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients at a rescue hospital varies significantly based on the age and sex of patients. Cough and hyposmia are commonly observed symptoms. Supportive therapy is effective, and strict implementation of social distancing is crucial in preventing the spread of this disease from individuals who are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology30030028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T09:28:34Z","timestamp":1691141314000},"page":"366-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of 6102 Asymptomatic and Mild Cases for Patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Erwin Astha","family":"Triyono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Wahyuhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christijogo Soemartono","family":"Waloejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimas Aji","family":"Perdana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Nabilah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisilia","family":"Dewanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal Arifi","family":"Hidayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0172-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Austin Pradipta","family":"Lusida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fani","family":"Sarasati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngurah Arie Kapindra","family":"Dharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ikhtiar Zaki","family":"Al Razzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanri Hadinata","family":"Wiranegara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurarifah Destianizar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indrapura Forefront Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60175, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2020.05.003","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Beijing","volume":"2","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosaf. 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