{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T21:47:49Z","timestamp":1773524869752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathophysiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease characterized by a lack of dystrophin caused by mutations in the DMD gene, and some minor cases are due to decreased levels of dystrophin, leading to muscle weakness and motor impairment. Creatine supplementation has demonstrated several benefits for the muscle, such as increased strength, enhanced tissue repair, and improved ATP resynthesis. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of creatine on the gastrocnemius muscle in dystrophy muscle (MDX) and healthy C57BL\/10 mice. Methods: Twenty MDX and C57Bl\/10 mice were organized into groups and supplemented or not with creatine in a dosage of 0.3 mg for 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius tissue was analyzed using histomorphology and histomorphometric techniques. Results: The results demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory effects of creatine, with less observation of inflammatory infiltrates, the preservation of intramuscular glycogen, and reduction in tissue fibrosis in supplemented animals. Conclusions: These findings suggest that creatine may enhance tissue function and slow the progression of DMD. However, further research, with more analysis, is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying creatine\u2019s effects on reducing mononuclear leukocytes and its role in mitigating tissue fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology32010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T11:57:58Z","timestamp":1736164678000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Mice with Muscular Dystrophy: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Victor Augusto Ramos","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundia\u00ed (FMJ), Jundia\u00ed 13202-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Neurobiology Study Group, Nossa Senhora do Patroc\u00ednio University Center (CEUNSP), Itu 13300-200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Pereira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Study Group, Nossa Senhora do Patroc\u00ednio University Center (CEUNSP), Itu 13300-200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amilton","family":"Iatecola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Study Group, Nossa Senhora do Patroc\u00ednio University Center (CEUNSP), Itu 13300-200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9914-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Vieira","family":"Buchaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ\/USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical and Dentistry School, University Center of Adamantina (FAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ionaly Judith Faria","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Dentistry School, University Center of Adamantina (FAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique Bertoni","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beneficent Hospital (HBU), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia Maluf Menegazzo","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Dentistry School, University Center of Adamantina (FAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna Trazzi","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5881-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogerio Leone","family":"Buchaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ\/USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB\/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4551-7180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Rodrigues","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundia\u00ed (FMJ), Jundia\u00ed 13202-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Neurobiology Study Group, Nossa Senhora do Patroc\u00ednio University Center (CEUNSP), Itu 13300-200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy: RANK\/RANKL\/OPG (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB\/RANK ligand\/osteoprotegerin) system and glucocorticoids","volume":"79","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bol. 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