{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T01:34:19Z","timestamp":1786584859822,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathophysiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and cardiovascular function, with even mild dysfunction\u2014such as subclinical hypothyroidism\u2014negatively impacting heart health. While previous studies have confirmed the effects of iodine, selenium, and vitamin D on thyroid regulation and inflammation, the combined role of these nutrients in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in autoimmune thyroid disorders remains insufficiently understood. This review explores the influence of specific micronutrients\u2014including selenium, iodine, and zinc\u2014and dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet, on the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. We introduce a novel framework that integrates emerging data on sex-specific micronutrient interactions and nutritional immunomodulation. Unlike the existing literature, this review introduces original hypotheses related to sex-specific nutritional immunomodulation and proposes a novel framework for micronutrient-driven dietary intervention in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology32030037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T15:30:06Z","timestamp":1754321406000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nutrition and Micronutrient Interactions in Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: Implications for Cardiovascular Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3959-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Mazur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifestyle Medicine Students\u2019 Club, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Szyma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0581-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Szlasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Popio\u0142ek-Kalisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, 20-718 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, August 11). 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