{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:50:26Z","timestamp":1770727826623,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minciencias\/Colciencias","award":["111574455028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111574455028"]}]},{"name":"Minciencias\/Colciencias","award":["641-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["641-2017"]}]},{"name":"Minciencias\/Colciencias","award":["455-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["455-2019"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Antioquia-CODI","award":["2015-7803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-7803"]}]},{"name":"Minciencias\/Colciencias fellowships","award":["# call 811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# call 811"]}]},{"name":"Minciencias\/Colciencias fellowships","award":["# 455-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 455-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathophysiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with congenital malformations and neuroinflammatory disorders, highlighting the need to identify host factors that shape infection outcomes. Macrophages, key targets and reservoirs of ZIKV, orchestrate both antiviral and inflammatory responses. Methods: Vitamin D (VitD) has emerged as a potent immunomodulator that enhances macrophage antimicrobial activity and regulates inflammation. To investigate how VitD shapes macrophage responses to ZIKV, we reanalyzed publicly available RNA-seq and miRNA-seq datasets from monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) of four donors, differentiated with or without VitD and subsequently infected with ZIKV. Results: Differential expression analysis identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs integrated into competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. In VitD-conditioned and ZIKV-infected MDMs, 65 lncRNAs and 23 miRNAs were significantly modulated. Notably, lncRNAs such as HSD11B1-AS1, Lnc-FOSL2, SPIRE-AS1, and PCAT7 were predicted to regulate immune and metabolic genes, including G0S2, FOSL2, PRELID3A, and FBP1. Among the miRNAs, let-7a and miR-494 were downregulated, while miR-146a, miR-708, and miR-378 were upregulated, all of which have been previously implicated in antiviral immunity. Functional enrichment analysis revealed pathways linked to metabolism, stress responses, and cell migration. ceRNA network analysis suggested that SOX2-OT and SLC9A3-AS1 may act as molecular sponges, modulating regulatory axes relevant to immune control and viral response. Conclusions: Despite limitations in sample size and experimental validation, this study provides an exploratory map of ncRNA\u2013mRNA networks shaped by VitD during ZIKV infection, highlighting candidate molecules and pathways for further studies on host\u2013virus interactions and VitD-mediated immune regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology33010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T13:58:49Z","timestamp":1770127129000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Reprograms Non-Coding RNA Networks to Block Zika Virus in Human Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta M","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Biolog\u00eda y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geysson Javier","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Biolog\u00eda y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Inmunovirolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8556-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"Urcuqui-Inchima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Inmunovirolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"Zika Virus: Common Questions and Answers","volume":"95","author":"Igbinosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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