{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:10:40Z","timestamp":1788412240637,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this case report, we present a 16-year-old Ukrainian boy with acute hepatitis B. He had not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B. Possible sources of infection included: a tattoo made at home, a finger cut made with hairdresser scissors during work, and unprotected sexual encounters. The clinical course of the disease was typical with jaundice and elevated aminotransferases levels without liver failure. During the follow-up visit 16 months after the onset of the disease, chronic hepatitis b was excluded but an ulcer around his anus was found. Additional tests for sexually transmitted diseases were ordered and they were positive for syphilis. The extended interview revealed that the patient had several unprotected bisexual encounters, which may have indicated a potential source of infections including the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The reported case shows that despite the significant decrease in the hepatitis B prevalence in Poland, the infection is still possible. It is necessary to conduct epidemiological interviews regarding sexually transmitted diseases in teenagers, especially when a blood-borne disease has been diagnosed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric13030062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T11:39:03Z","timestamp":1630496343000},"page":"534-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute Hepatitis B and Unusual Follow-Up in a 16-Year-Old Boy: Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Bie\u0144kowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Children\u2019s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Wolska 37, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Group, Department of Children\u2019s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Wolska 37, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Pluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children\u2019s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Wolska 37, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pokorska-\u015apiewak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children\u2019s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Wolska 37, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i5.273","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers","volume":"8","author":"Coppola","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9675-4","article-title":"Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: A 2015 update","volume":"10","author":"Sarin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160274","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0274","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and liver cancer","volume":"372","author":"Ringelhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"471","article-title":"Sytuacja epidemiologiczna wirusowego zapalenia w\u0105troby typu B w Polsce w latach 1979\u20132004 [Epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland in the years 1979\u20132004]","volume":"60","author":"Magdzik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Przegl. 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