{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:09:13Z","timestamp":1762999753727,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Colciencias","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111551929199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111551929199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) in the pediatric population is a major challenge. Our objective was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics, radiological patterns, and treatment outcomes of children and adolescents (from 1 month to 17 years) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by TB. We performed a prospective cohort study of a pediatric population between 1 month and 17 years of age and hospitalized in Medell\u00edn, Colombia, with the diagnosis of radiologically confirmed CAP that had \u2264 15 days of symptoms. The mycobacterial culture of induced sputum was used for the bacteriological confirmation; the history of TB contact, a tuberculin skin test, and clinical improvement with treatment were used to identify microbiologically negative TB cases. Among 499 children with CAP, TB was diagnosed in 12 (2.4%), of which 10 had less than 8 days of a cough, 10 had alveolar opacities, 9 were younger than 5 years old, and 2 had close contact with a TB patient. Among the TB cases, 50% (6) had microbiological confirmation, 8 had viral and\/or bacterial confirmation, one patient had multidrug-resistant TB, and 10\/12 had non-severe pneumonia. In countries with an intermediate TB burden, Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be included in the etiological differential diagnosis (as a cause or coinfection) of both pneumonia and severe CAP in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric14010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1644179920000},"page":"71-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in an Area with an Intermediate Disease Burden"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Roya-Pab\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Pediaciencias, Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci\u00f3n, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Pima County Health Department, Tuberculosis Clinic, Tucson, AZ 85713, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7877-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Pablo Tob\u00f3n Uribe, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Universidad CES, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Pediaciencias, Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci\u00f3n, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Pediaciencias, Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci\u00f3n, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci\u00f3n, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas (GRIPE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucelly","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050031, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Pediaciencias, Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Pablo Tob\u00f3n Uribe, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Universidad CES, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cl\u00ednica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa Fernanda","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda Seccional de Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social de Antioquia, Gobernaci\u00f3n de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarita Rosa","family":"Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda Seccional de Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social de Antioquia, Gobernaci\u00f3n de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1zaro A.","family":"V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci\u00f3n, Medellin 050010, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas (GRIPE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6342-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulma Vanessa","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050031, Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ581","article-title":"Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children: An Update","volume":"61","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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