{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:51:40Z","timestamp":1760057500622,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is among the major causes of global neonatal morbidity and mortality. While the incidence of CCHD appears to vary across populations, much of this variation may stem from differences in detection and reporting capabilities rather than true prevalence. In Jordan, recent data revealed a congenital cardiac disease incidence of 17.8\/1000 live births, much higher than international averages. Diagnosis is largely dependent upon echocardiography, which is difficult to obtain in low-resource settings where prenatal screening modalities are limited. Screening for CCHD with pulse oximetry offers a potential method to identify patients earlier and contribute to improved outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated 20,482 neonates screened using pulse oximetry at Al-Bashir Hospital between January 2022 and May 2024. Demographic data, pulse oximetry measurements, and echocardiogram findings were collected during the screening process after obtaining ethical approval from the Jordanian Ministry of Health. Results: Pulse oximetry screening identified 752 neonates (3.7%) requiring further evaluation by echocardiography. An abnormality was detected in 240 neonates (31.9%), which included cardiac anomalies and pulmonary hypertension. Screening led to the identification of 138 infants with CCHD, including 80 with a previously unknown diagnosis, and an additional 247 infants with conditions requiring increased monitoring or treatment. Among those with CCHD, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and Tetralogy of Fallot were the most common conditions, 3.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. The overall false positive rate was 1.8% and was higher among those screened at less than 24 h of life compared to those screened at or after 24 h of life (2.3% [95%CI 2.1\u20132.6] vs. 0.8% [95%CI 0.6\u20131.0], p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Pulse oximetry screening successfully led to the early detection of CCHD among Jordanian neonates. There was a high prevalence of CCHD compared to other reported cohorts. This highlights the importance of implementing national screening protocols to improve early diagnosis and intervention. Future studies will inform the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of national implementation in this setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric17010023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T04:40:25Z","timestamp":1739767225000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prospective Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in a Jordanian Tertiary Hospital: High Incidence and Early Detection Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6331-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naser Aldain A.","family":"Abu Lehyah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospitals, Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4065-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospitals, Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Y.","family":"Abbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospitals, Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0662-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razan A.","family":"Al-Jammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah University Hospital, Ar-Ramtha 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moath K.","family":"Al Tarawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospitals, Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dima","family":"Abu Nasrieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6909-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haneen A.","family":"Banihani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saif N.","family":"Aburumman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areen G.","family":"Fraijat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Al Tafilah Governmental Hospital, Al Tafilah 64710, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba M.","family":"Alhawamdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospitals, Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qasem A.","family":"Shersheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospitals, Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milad Kh.","family":"Al-Awawdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Bashir Hospitals Administration, Amman 11151, Jordan"},{"name":"Electronic Health Solutions (EHS), Amman 11151, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9703-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott O.","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Starnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025","article-title":"Birth Prevalence of 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