{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:13:45Z","timestamp":1783469625289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Neuroimmune Foundation and Neuroimmune North Carolina"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective of this study was to validate a new parent-reported scale for tracking Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). PANS is a condition characterized by a sudden and severe onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms. To meet diagnostic criteria, an individual must present with either obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) or severely restricted food intake, accompanied by at least two additional cognitive, behavioral, or emotional symptoms. These may include anxiety, emotional instability, depression, irritability, aggression, oppositional behaviors, developmental or behavioral regression, a decline in academic skills such as handwriting or math, sensory abnormalities, frequent urination, and enuresis. The onset of symptoms is usually triggered by an infection or an abnormal immune\/inflammatory response. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) is a subtype of PANS specifically linked to strep infections. Methods: We developed a 101-item PANS\/PANDAS and Related Inflammatory Brain Disorders Treatment Evaluation Checklist (PTEC) designed to assess changes to a patient\u2019s symptoms over time along 10 subscales: Behavior\/Mood, OCD, Anxiety, Food intake, Tics, Cognitive\/Developmental, Sensory, Other, Sleep, and Health. The psychometric quality of PTEC was tested with 225 participants. Results: The internal reliability of the PTEC was excellent (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.96). PTEC exhibited adequate test\u2013retest reliability (r = 0.6) and excellent construct validity, supported by a strong correlation with the Health subscale of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (r = 0.8). Conclusions: We hope that PTEC will assist parents and clinicians in the monitoring and treatment of PANS. The PTEC questionnaire is freely available at neuroimmune.org\/PTEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric17040081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T10:51:14Z","timestamp":1753699874000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)-Related Pediatric Treatment Evaluation Checklist (PTEC)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Vyshedskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Conkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmune Foundation, Saint Augustine, FL 32084, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"DeWeese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmune Foundation, Saint Augustine, FL 32084, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Benno","family":"Junghanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmune Foundation, Saint Augustine, FL 32084, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard E.","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S362202","article-title":"Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Current Perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Gagliano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0145","article-title":"Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part I\u2014Psychiatric and Behavioral Interventions","volume":"27","author":"Thienemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0665.1000113","article-title":"From research subgroup to clinical syndrome: Modifying the PANDAS criteria to describe PANS (pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome)","volume":"2","author":"Swedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0081","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Clinic Dedicated to Treating Youth with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Presenting Characteristics of the First 47 Consecutive Patients","volume":"25","author":"Frankovich","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001170","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)","volume":"7","author":"Swedo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae), American Psychiatric Publication.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2020054002120","article-title":"International Classification of Diseases\u201311th revision: From design to implementation","volume":"54","author":"Almeida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pallanti, S., and Di Ponzio, M. (2023). PANDAS\/PANS in the COVID-19 age: Autoimmunity and Epstein\u2013Barr virus reactivation as trigger agents?. Children, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040648"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2017.1285941","article-title":"An expert opinion on PANDAS\/PANS: Highlights and controversies","volume":"21","author":"Chiarello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106520","article-title":"Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"197","author":"Frye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Tanca, M.G. (2025, April 18). Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): New Insights. Available online: https:\/\/tesidottorato.depositolegale.it\/handle\/20.500.14242\/71125."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199706000-00023","article-title":"Children\u2019s Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: Reliability and validity","volume":"36","author":"Scahill","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626459","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626459","article-title":"Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS): Psychometric quality of the gold standard for tic assessment based on the large-scale EMTICS study","volume":"12","author":"Haas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rimland, B., and Edelson, S.M. (1999). Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Autism Research Institute. Available online: http:\/\/www.autism.com.","DOI":"10.1037\/t03995-000"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000534261","article-title":"Postinfectious Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Sydenham Chorea, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection, and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Disorder","volume":"45","author":"Vreeland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"17","article-title":"Correlation between Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) in the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sudan. J. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2012.681340","article-title":"A comparison of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for the quantitative evaluation of autism","volume":"6","author":"Geier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1300\/J184v06n04_05","article-title":"Efficacy of Neurofeedback for Children in the Autistic Spectrum: A Pilot Study","volume":"6","author":"Jarusiewicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahapatra, S., Vyshedksy, D., Martinez, S., Kannel, B., Braverman, J., Edelson, S.M., and Vyshedskiy, A. (2018). Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) norms: A \u201cgrowth chart\u201d for ATEC score changes as a function of age. Children, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/children5020025"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3699-2","article-title":"Epidemiological Study of Autism Subgroups Using Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) Score","volume":"50","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric16010016","article-title":"A Comparison of Parent Reports, the Mental Synthesis Evaluation Checklist (MSEC) and the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)","volume":"16","author":"Netson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braverman, J., Dunn, R., and Vyshedskiy, A. (2018). Development of the Mental Synthesis Evaluation Checklist (MSEC): A Parent-Report Tool for Mental Synthesis Ability Assessment in Children with Language Delay. Children, 5.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201804.0216.v1"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Venkatesh, S., Phung, D., Duong, T., Greenhill, S., and Adams, B. (May, January 26). TOBY: Early intervention in autism through technology. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, LO, USA. Available online: http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2466437."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyshedskiy, A., Khokhlovich, E., Dunn, R., Faisman, A., Elgart, J., Lokshina, L., Gankin, Y., Ostrovsky, S., deTorres, L., and Edelson, S.M. (2020). Novel prefrontal synthesis intervention improves language in children with autism. Healthcare, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8040566"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0062","article-title":"Characterization of the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Phenotype","volume":"25","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2018.0127","article-title":"Establishing a Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Clinic: Baseline Clinical Features of the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Cohort at Karolinska Institutet","volume":"29","author":"Gromark","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30404-8","article-title":"Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome in children and adolescents: An observational cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17m12091","article-title":"The burden of caring for a child or adolescent with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): An observational longitudinal study","volume":"80","author":"Frankovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01135-4","article-title":"A Two-to-Five Year Follow-Up of a Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Cohort","volume":"53","author":"Gromark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000545598","article-title":"Defining clinical course of patients evaluated for pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Phenotypic classification based on 10 years of clinical data","volume":"47","author":"Masterson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03450-5","article-title":"Measuring clinical outcomes in children with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: Data from a 2\u20135 year follow-up study","volume":"21","author":"Hesselmark","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7503\/17\/4\/81\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:17:17Z","timestamp":1760033837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7503\/17\/4\/81"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pediatric17040081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pediatric17040081","relation":{},"ISSN":["2036-7503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2036-7503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]}}}