{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:16:00Z","timestamp":1762424160568,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Navamindradhiraj University Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study evaluated changes in serum sodium (S Na) 24 h after the administration of isotonic versus hypotonic intravenous fluids (IVFs) and the incidences of dysnatremia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial involved children aged 3 months to 5 years who were admitted to a general ward between November 2020 and September 2022 and required IVF. We randomly assigned patients (1:1) to receive either an isotonic solution (D50.9%NaCl) or hypotonic solution (D50.45%NaCl). Serum electrolyte and venous blood gas levels were obtained at the time of IVF administration and 24 and 48 h after IVF administration. During this study, all participants were monitored for vital signs, body weight, fluid intake and output, and clinical symptoms of dysnatremia. Results: Totals of 69 and 68 patients received isotonic and hypotonic solutions, respectively. The mean age was 1.95 \u00b1 1.25 years in the isotonic group and 1.91 \u00b1 1.32 years in the hypotonic group. The initial degrees of dehydration and biochemical indicators were not different. The change in serum sodium level at 24 h was 2.97 (2.32\u20133.62) mmol\/L in the isotonic group and 2.19 (1.54\u20132.84) mmol\/L in the hypotonic group. In both groups, no significant hyponatremia nor hypernatremia occurred. The incidence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was not different between the groups. Neither group showed any complications. Conclusions: Isotonic fluids may be a preferred option for IVFs in pediatric patients under 5 years of age with medical conditions on a general ward, especially within 24 h, due to their potential to better maintain serum sodium levels without increasing the risk of fluid overload or electrolyte complication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric17060122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1762419723000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Serum Sodium Levels Following Intravenous Administration of Isotonic and Hypotonic Solutions in Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nisara","family":"Chongcharoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yupaporn","family":"Amornchaichareonsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, 681 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suwanna","family":"Pornrattanarungsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ornatcha","family":"Sirimongkolchaiyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, 681 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.024","article-title":"Impact of preoperative hyponatraemia on paediatric perioperative mortality","volume":"123","author":"Benzon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. 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