{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:28:02Z","timestamp":1770751682147,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for common pediatric nuclear medicine (NM) procedures performed within the Dubai Health sector. The established DRLs will serve as a benchmark for pediatric NM practice, supporting standardized healthcare delivery and guiding ongoing quality improvement and internal audit activities. Patient dose survey data were collected from the solo NM center within the Dubai Health sector. The study included common scintigraphy procedures using gamma cameras and the hybrid positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET\/CT) procedures. Scintigraphy procedures include the dynamic and static renal scans, and ocular eye scans. The hybrid PET\/CT procedures entail tumor\/infection and neuroendocrine scans. Patient demographics, administered activities, CT doses, and study description were recorded. Both weight bands of &lt;5, 5\u2013&lt;15, 15\u2013&lt;30, 30\u2013&lt;50, and 50\u2013&lt;80 kg, and age bands of &lt;1, 1\u2013&lt;5, 5\u2013&lt;10, and 10\u2013&lt;15 years were considered. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the 25th percentile, median and 75th percentile of the dose distribution. The median value was used to establish the DRLs for the Dubai Health sector. The analyses revealed significant variation in the administered activities across the different pediatric NM procedures. The proposed DRLs for various pediatric NM procedures for the weight band 15\u2013&lt;30 kg are as follows: renal dynamic 98.4 MBq, renal static 96.2 MBq, ocular eyes 18.5 MBq, tumor\/infection 155 MBq, and neuroendocrine 80 MBq. This work provides the first pediatric NM DRLs for the Dubai Health sector, offering a key reference for developing the local DRLs for the Emirate of Dubai. The findings indicate that achieving meaningful dose optimization will require systematic revision of existing imaging protocols, with targeted parameter adjustments informed by continuous dose monitoring and benchmarking to enhance patient safety and overall diagnostic quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric18010021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T13:58:49Z","timestamp":1770127129000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common Nuclear Medicine Procedures for Pediatric in Dubai Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4485-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Entesar Z.","family":"Dalah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Imaging Department, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 2727, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 2727, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8818-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najlaa K. Al","family":"Mazrouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 2727, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra A. Al","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Center, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 2727, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.069609","article-title":"Minimizing and communicating radiation risk in pediatric nuclear medicine","volume":"52","author":"Fahey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutanzi, K.R., Lumen, A., Kotutbash, I., and Miousse, I.R. (2016). Pediatric exposures to ionizing radiation: Carcinogenic considerations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13111057"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.136554","article-title":"Communication of radiation risk in nuclear medicine: Are we saying the right thing?","volume":"29","author":"Pandit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Nucl. 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