{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T13:44:11Z","timestamp":1772718251199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hydatid disease poses unique management challenges in pediatric populations due to developing anatomy and growth considerations. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of medical, surgical, and combination therapies for pediatric hydatid liver disease. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2025 identified studies investigating treatment outcomes in pediatric hydatid liver disease. Data was synthesized through qualitative analysis of treatment effectiveness, complications, and patient outcomes. Results: Fifteen studies were included, comprising controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Treatment efficacy correlated significantly with cyst size: small cysts (&lt;5 cm) responded well to albendazole monotherapy (88.3\u201397.6% success at 6\u201312 months); medium-sized cysts (5\u20136 cm) benefited from percutaneous interventions (PAIR) with 97.1% technical success; large cysts (&gt;6 cm) required surgical management. Laparoscopic approaches demonstrated advantages over open surgery, including shorter hospitalization (5.6 \u00b1 2.2 vs. 12.1 \u00b1 1.5 days) and reduced analgesic requirements. Omentoplasty emerged as superior for residual cavity management with fewer complications than tube drainage approaches. Conclusions: This review supports personalized treatment algorithms based primarily on cyst characteristics. The findings recommend standardized protocols incorporating cyst size, location, and complexity as key decision points, with expanded access to minimally invasive techniques. Future research should focus on prospective comparative studies with standardized outcome measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric18020038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T11:52:11Z","timestamp":1772711531000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medical, Surgical, and Combined Approaches in Pediatric Hydatid Liver Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9369-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani N.","family":"Alansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1314-6713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Messaoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Laboratory of Congenital Anomalies and Childhood Cancer LR12SP13, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3258-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4847-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Ksia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"The many faces of pediatric hydatid disease: A pictorial review","volume":"55","author":"Romero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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