{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1762876008649,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasma non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) is potentially harmful due to the generation of free radicals that cause tissue damage in vascular and other diseases. Studies in iron-replete and iron-deficient subjects, receiving a single oral test dose of Fe(II)SO4 or NaFe(III)EDTA with water, revealed that FeSO4 was well absorbed when compared with NaFeEDTA, while only the Fe(II) compound showed a remarkable increase of NTBI. As NaFeEDTA is successfully used for food fortification, a double-blind randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 11 healthy women with uncomplicated iron deficiency. All subjects received a placebo, 6.5 mg FeSO4, 65 mg FeSO4, 6.5 mg NaFeEDTA, and 65 mg NaFeEDTA with a traditional Indonesian breakfast in one-week intervals. Blood tests were carried out every 60 min for five hours. NTBI detection was performed using the fluorescein-labeled apotransferrin method. Plasma iron values were highly increased after 65 mg NaFeEDTA, twice as high as after FeSO4. A similar pattern was seen for NTBI. After 6.5 mg of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4, NTBI was hardly detectable. NaFeEDTA was highly effective for the treatment of iron deficiency if given with a meal, inhibiting the formation of nonabsorbable Fe-complexes, while NTBI did not exceed the range of normal values for iron-replete subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11030085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T10:28:57Z","timestamp":1536575337000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Iron Absorption in Iron-Deficient Women, Who Received 65 mg Fe with an Indonesian Breakfast, Is Much Better from NaFe(III)EDTA than from Fe(II)SO4, with an Acceptable Increase of Plasma NTBI. A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eka","family":"Ginanjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia\/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilik","family":"Indrawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia\/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iswari","family":"Setianingsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djumhana","family":"Atmakusumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia\/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alida","family":"Harahap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina S.","family":"Timan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia\/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joannes J. M.","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5","article-title":"Nutritional iron deficiency","volume":"370","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(98)00165-1","article-title":"Iron deficiency in Indonesia: Current situation and intervention","volume":"18","author":"Kodyat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutr. 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