{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T03:35:48Z","timestamp":1778556948089,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Cashew gum (CG) has been reported as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CG extracted from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. on experimental intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, CG 30, CG 60, CG 90, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + CG 90 groups. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH), and immunohistochemical analysis of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1\u03b2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). 5-FU induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height compared to the saline group. CG 90 prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress through decrease of MDA levels and increase of GSH concentration. CG attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. Our findings suggest that CG at a concentration of 90 mg\/kg reverses the effects of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12020051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T11:31:57Z","timestamp":1554377517000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Protective Effect of Cashew Gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ant\u00f4nio Leal de","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Parna\u00edba, Piau\u00ed 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Erivan Fa\u00e7anha","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dainesy Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Vitor de Souza","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deiziane Viana da Silva","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reyca Rodrigues e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Parna\u00edba, Piau\u00ed 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luan Kelves Miranda de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Parna\u00edba, Piau\u00ed 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Nayane de Carvalho","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research and Development of Medications (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Coronel Nunes de Melo Street, 100, Fortaleza 60430-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson Almeida","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, s\/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros de Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Graja\u00fa-MA 65940-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Fragoso de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Durcilene Alves da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Parna\u00edba, Piau\u00ed 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel Gustavo","family":"Scafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Ferreira de Carvalho","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerly Anne de Castro","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jand Venes Rolim","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Parna\u00edba, Piau\u00ed 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto Santos","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro de Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Parna\u00edba, Piau\u00ed 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., and Aster, J.C. 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