{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:34:20Z","timestamp":1790487260994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/07276-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Research Council","award":["304133\/2016-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304133\/2016-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: It has been demonstrated that azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans have a greater resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) when compared to their more susceptible counterparts. For this reason, the present study evaluated the efficacy of aPDT, together with nystatin (NYS), in the treatment of oral candidiasis in vivo. Methods: Mice were infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC 96901). To perform the combined therapy, aPDT, mediated by Photodithazine (PDZ) and LED light, was used together with NYS. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by microbiological, macroscopic, histopathological and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy analyses of the lesions. The expression of p21 and p53, proteins associated with cell death, from the tongues of mice, was also performed. Results: The combined therapy reduced the fungal viability by around 2.6 log10 and decreased the oral lesions and the inflammatory reaction. Additionally, it stimulated the production of p53 and p21. Conclusions: The combined therapy is a promising alternative treatment for oral candidiasis induced by C. albicans resistant to fluconazole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12030140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T11:01:15Z","timestamp":1568804475000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Nystatin in the Treatment of Experimental Oral Candidiasis Induced by Candida albicans Resistant to Fluconazole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karem","family":"Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Cabrini Carmello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Carolina Jord\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Aboud Barbugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"de Sousa Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9575-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewerton","family":"Garcia de Oliveira Mima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Pavarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humait\u00e1, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.04.009","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions and virulence-associated genes during Candida albicans oral infections","volume":"301","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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