{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:46:27Z","timestamp":1792856787300,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg\/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg\/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1578455997000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Troxerutin Prevents 5-Fluorouracil Induced Morphological Changes in the Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ant\u00f4nio Leal","family":"de Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o da Silva","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1zaro de Sousa","family":"Fideles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucianny Lima","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Erivan Fa\u00e7anha","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helder Bind\u00e1","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Orlando Rafael","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, s\/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabu\u00e7u Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, 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