{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:17:09Z","timestamp":1791919029656,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation for the State of Piau\u00ed \u2212 FAPEPI","award":["Edital FAPEPI\/SESAPI\/MS\/CNPq\/PPSUS\/N\u25e6 002\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Edital FAPEPI\/SESAPI\/MS\/CNPq\/PPSUS\/N\u25e6 002\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FAPEPI-CNPQ (PROGRAMA DE APOIO A N\u00daCLEOS EMERGENTES DE PESQUISA \u2013 PRONEM)","award":["EDITAL FAPEPI \/ MCTIC\/ CNPq N\u00ba 008\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDITAL FAPEPI \/ MCTIC\/ CNPq N\u00ba 008\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul (Fabaceae family), commonly known as the red angico tree, is a medicinal plant found throughout Brazil\u2019s semi-arid area. In this study, a chemical analysis was performed to investigate the antidiarrheal activity and safety profile of red angico gum (RAG), a biopolymer extracted from the trunk exudate of A. colubrina. Upon FT-IR spectroscopy, RAG showed bands in the regions of 1608 cm\u22121, 1368 cm\u22121, and 1029 cm\u22121, which relate to the vibration of O\u2013H water molecules, deformation vibration of C-O bands, and vibration of the polysaccharide C-O band, respectively, all of which are relevant to glycosidic bonds. The peak molar mass of RAG was 1.89 \u00d7 105 g\/mol, with the zeta potential indicating electronegativity. RAG demonstrated high yield and solubility with a low degree of impurity. Pre-treatment with RAG reduced the total diarrheal stool and enteropooling. RAG also enhanced Na+\/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit, and thereby inhibited intestinal smooth muscle contractions. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) demonstrated that RAG can interact with GM1 receptors and can also reduce E. coli-induced diarrhea in vivo. Moreover, RAG did not induce any signs of toxicity in mice. These results suggest that RAG is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13010017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T04:27:09Z","timestamp":1579494429000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biopolymer Extracted from Anadenanthera colubrina (Red Angico Gum) Exerts Therapeutic Potential in Mice: Antidiarrheal Activity and Safety Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5852-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago S. L.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiane M.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayara A.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luan K.M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca B. M.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1994-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas A. D.","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo A. V.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyne R.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro J. C.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel F. P.","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo R.","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcellus H. L. P.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durcilene A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina C. M.","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE 60451-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jand Venes R.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of the Parna\u00edba Delta, Parna\u00edba, PI 64202-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101995000600002","article-title":"Analysis of the antidiarrhoeic effect of plants used in popular medicine","volume":"29","author":"Almeida","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199812)12:8<549::AID-PTR357>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of Myracrodruon urundeuva bark extract for antidiarrhoeal activity","volume":"12","author":"Chaves","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytother. 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