{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:56:27Z","timestamp":1792432587561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the availability of many drugs to treat infectious diseases, the problems like narrow antimicrobial spectrum, drug resistance, hypersensitivities and systemic toxicities are hampering their clinical utility. Based on the above facts, in the present study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal activity of novel fluorinated compounds comprising of chalcones bearing trifluoromethyl (A1\u2013A10) and trifluoromethoxy (B1\u2013B10) substituents. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) bacterial and fungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) strains. In this study, the compounds with trifluoromethoxy group were more effective than those with trifluoromethyl group. Among the 20 fluorinated chalcones, compound A3\/B3 bearing an indole ring attached to the olefinic carbon have been proved to possess the most antimicrobial activity compared to the standard drugs without showing cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell line (L02). Further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for A3\/B3 was determined by serial tube dilution method and showed potential activity. These results would provide promising access to future study about the development of novel agents against bacterial and fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13110375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1605005248000},"page":"375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Novel Trifluoromethyl and Trifluoromethoxy Substituted Chalcone Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3037-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surendra Babu","family":"Lagu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1449-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra Prasad","family":"Yejella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-3962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richie R.","family":"Bhandare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy &amp; Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9036-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afzal B.","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14459","DOI":"10.4137\/PMC.S14459","article-title":"Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century","volume":"6","author":"Richard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010197","article-title":"Inhibition of aerobic growth and nitrification of bacteria in sewage sludge by antibacterial agents","volume":"40","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. 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