{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:56:33Z","timestamp":1790596593189,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Isothiazolinones methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), and parabens methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) are the most common synthetic preservatives. They are all known to be potential skin allergens that lead to contact dermatitis. Thus, the identification of these unsafe chemicals in cosmetic products is of high importance. In the present study, solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on HyperSep reversed-phase C8\/benzene sulfonic acid ion exchanger (HyperSep C8\/BSAIE) and Sep-Pak C18 sorbents, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\/diode array detector (UHPLC\/DAD) were optimized for the simultaneous determination of MI, MCI, MP, EP, PP and BP in cosmetic products. HyperSep C8\/BSAIE and UHPLC\/DAD with the eluting solvent mixture (acetonitrile\/methanol, 2:1, v\/v) and detection wavelength (255 nm) were found to be the optimal conditions, respectively. The method illustrates the excellent linearity range (0.008\u201320 \u03bcg\/mL) with coefficient of determination (R2, 0.997\u20130.999), limits of detection (LOD, 0.001\u20130.002 \u03bcg\/mL), precision in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD &lt; 3%, intra-day and &lt;6%, inter-day) when examining a standard mixture at low (0.07 \u00b5g\/mL), medium (3 \u00b5g\/mL) and high (15 \u00b5g\/mL) concentrations. A total of 31 cosmetic samples were studied, achieving concentrations (MI, not detected (nd)-0.89 \u00b5g\/g), (MCI, nd-0.62 \u00b5g\/g), (MP, nd-6.53 \u00b5g\/g), (EP, nd-0.90 \u00b5g\/g), (PP, nd-9.69 \u00b5g\/g) and (BP, nd-17.80 \u00b5g\/g). Recovery values ranged from 92.33 to 101.43% depending on the types of sample. To our knowledge, this is the first specific method which covers the theme and describes background amounts of such preservatives in cosmetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13110412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T01:28:48Z","timestamp":1606094928000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Simultaneous Determination of Isothiazolinones and Parabens in Cosmetic Products Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography\/Diode Array Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0781-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazim Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Forensic Chemistry Department, Forensic Medicine Authority, Cairo 11441, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6312-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Hotan","family":"Alsohaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6270-8539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Rizwan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13151","article-title":"Methylchloroisothiazolinone and\/or methylisothiazolinone in cosmetic products\u2014A market survey","volume":"80","author":"Sukakul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201500365","article-title":"Determination of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone in cosmetic products by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"38","author":"Wittenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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