{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:36:39Z","timestamp":1790393799992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antiparasitic and anticancer activity evaluation of new conjugates containing two and three dinuclear trithiolato-bridged ruthenium(II)-arene units are presented. Antiparasitic activity was evaluated using transgenic Toxoplasmagondii tachyzoites constitutively expressing \u03b2-galactosidase grown in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). The compounds inhibited T.gondii proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 90 to 539 nM, and seven derivatives displayed IC50 values lower than the reference compound pyrimethamine, which is currently used for treatment of toxoplasmosis. Overall, compound flexibility and size impacted on the anti-Toxoplasma activity. The anticancer activity of 14 compounds was assessed against cancer cell lines A2780, A2780cisR (human ovarian cisplatin sensitive and resistant), A24, (D-)A24cisPt8.0 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells wild type and cisPt resistant subline). The compounds displayed IC50 values ranging from 23 to 650 nM. In A2780cisR, A24 and (D-)A24cisPt8.0 cells, all compounds were considerably more cytotoxic than cisplatin, with IC50 values lower by two orders of magnitude. Irrespective of the nature of the connectors (alkyl\/aryl) or the numbers of the di-ruthenium units (two\/three), ester conjugates 6\u201310 and 20 exhibited similar antiproliferative profiles, and were more cytotoxic than amide analogues 11\u201314, 23, and 24. Polynuclear conjugates with multiple trithiolato-bridged di-ruthenium(II)-arene moieties deserve further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T22:12:06Z","timestamp":1608156726000},"page":"471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Conjugates Containing Two and Three Trithiolato-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)-Arene Units as In Vitro Antiparasitic and Anticancer Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Valentin","family":"Studer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Anghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Desiatkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"Felder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghalia","family":"Boubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, 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Thomas","family":"Heverhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0622-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, 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