{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T11:06:54Z","timestamp":1773400014182,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012309","name":"Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0008\/2560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0008\/2560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015396","name":"Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TC-A2\/62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TC-A2\/62"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBG6080005, IRN61W0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBG6080005, IRN61W0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellulite is associated with a complex array of adipocytes under the skin and vascular system. A herbal compress that was previously developed was proven to have an anti-cellulite effect in healthy volunteers within 2 weeks of treatment. However, its mechanism and ingredients responsible for reducing cellulite were not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of eight essential oils in, and two water extracts from, the ingredients of the herbal compress together with nine monoterpenoid constituents on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The vasodilatory effect on rat aortae was also studied. The adipocytes were induced by dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and insulin. At all concentrations tested, all essential oils, water extracts and their monoterpenoid constituents significantly inhibited lipid accumulation activity (p &lt; 0.05) and decreased the amount of triglycerides when compared to untreated cells (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, our results showed that the mixed oil distilled from the herbal compress mixed ingredients could relax the isolated rat aorta (EC50 = 14.74 \u00b1 2.65 \u00b5g\/mL). In conclusion, all essential oils, extracts and chemical constituents tested showed effects on adipogenesis inhibition and lipolysis induction on the cultured adipocytes with the mixed oil demonstrating vasorelaxation activity, all of which might be the mechanisms of the anti-cellulite effects of the herbal compress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1615493860000},"page":"253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Essential Oils and Some Constituents from Ingredients of Anti-Cellulite Herbal Compress on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Rat Aortae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ngamrayu","family":"Ngamdokmai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Cannabis Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamkeen Urooj","family":"Paracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Main Campus, Karachi 74600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neti","family":"Waranuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6973-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krongkarn","family":"Chootip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8072-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wudtichai","family":"Wisuitiprot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nungruthai","family":"Suphrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamonlak","family":"Insumrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kornkanok","family":"Ingkaninan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Cannabis Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04622.x","article-title":"Cellulite\u2019s aetiology: A review","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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