{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:36:20Z","timestamp":1789439780418,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are clinically prevalent in the elderly. There is a high risk of cognitive decline in patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia. This review describes the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba leaf special extract EGb 761\u00ae for the treatment of dementia syndromes and EGb 761\u00ae combination therapy with other medications for symptomatic dementia. This drug has shown convincing results, improving cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and consequent reduction of caregiver stress and maintenance of autonomy in patients with age-related cognitive decline, MCI and mild to moderate dementia. Currently, there is little evidence to support the combination therapy with anti-dementia drugs and, therefore, more evidence is needed to evaluate the role of EGb 761\u00ae in mixed therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14040305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T10:44:01Z","timestamp":1617273841000},"page":"305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761\u00ae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1823-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Tomino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ilari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety &amp; Health (IRC-FSH), University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Solfrizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica \u201cFrugoni\u201d and Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Malafoglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL Foundation, Torre Pedrera, 47922 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Zilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Schwabe Pharma Italia S.r.l., 39044 Egna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Marcolongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Scapagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cV. Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1047-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Muscoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety &amp; Health (IRC-FSH), University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Maria","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience &amp; Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317518791401","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice: A Review Article","volume":"33","author":"Jongsiriyanyong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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