{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:48:03Z","timestamp":1789652883006,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3180570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3180570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013928","name":"Instituto Milenio en Inmunolog\u00eda e Inmunoterapia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P09\/016-F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P09\/016-F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014171","name":"Biomedical Research Consortium-Chile","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13CTI-21526\/P4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13CTI-21526\/P4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COPEC-UC","award":["2019.R.1169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019.R.1169"]}]},{"name":"COPEC-UC","award":["2020.E.1."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.E.1."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurobehavioral alterations and cognitive impairment are common phenomena that represent neuropsychiatric disorders and can be triggered by an exacerbated immune response against pathogens, brain injury, or autoimmune diseases. Pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, are produced in the brain by resident cells, mainly by microglia and astrocytes. Brain infiltrating immune cells constitutes another source of these molecules, contributing to an impaired neurological synapse function, affecting typical neurobehavioral and cognitive performance. Currently, there is increasing evidence supporting the notion that behavioral alterations and cognitive impairment can be associated with respiratory viral infections, such as human respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and SARS-COV-2, which are responsible for endemic, epidemic, or pandemic outbreak mainly in the winter season. This article will review the brain\u2032s pro-inflammatory response due to infection by three highly contagious respiratory viruses that are the leading cause of acute respiratory illness, morbidity, and mobility in infants, immunocompromised and elderly population. How these respiratory viral pathogens induce increased secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and their relationship with the alterations at a behavioral and cognitive level will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14040340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T21:27:44Z","timestamp":1617917264000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Molecules Induced by Respiratory Virus Infections to Neurological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Bohmwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina A.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7622-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis M.","family":"Kalergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"695","article-title":"Pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines: Myth or reality","volume":"47","author":"Cavaillon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell. 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