{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:16:09Z","timestamp":1771460169018,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Government Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["2020R1A2C1009224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1009224"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009122","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009122","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case-non-case study aims to detect signals not currently listed on cephalosporin drug labels. From 2009 to 2018, adverse event (AE) reports concerning antibacterial drugs (anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code J01) in the Korea Adverse Events Reporting System (KAERS) database were examined. For signal detection, three indices of disproportionality, proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC), were calculated. The list of signals was compared with ADRs on the drug labels from the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea. A total of 163,800 cephalosporin\u2013AE combinations and 72,265 all other J01\u2013AE combinations were analyzed. This study detected 472 signals and 114 new signals that are not included on the drug labels. Cefatrizine\u2013corneal edema (PRR, 440.64; ROR, 481.67; IC, 3.84) and cefatrizine\u2013corneal ulceration (PRR, 346.22; ROR, 399.70; IC, 4.40) had the highest PRR, ROR, and IC among all signals. Additionally, six serious AEs that were not listed on drug labels such as cefaclor-induced stupor (ten cases) and cefaclor-induced respiratory depression (four cases) were found. Detecting signals using a national pharmacovigilance database is useful for identifying unknown ADRs. This study identified signals of cephalosporins that warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T08:05:21Z","timestamp":1619942721000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Signal Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions of Cephalosporins Using Data from a National Pharmacovigilance Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jung-Yoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Converging Clinical &amp; Public Health, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5593-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myeong-Gyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Converging Clinical &amp; Public Health, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharamceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2554-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy-Jeong","family":"Rhie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Converging Clinical &amp; Public Health, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharamceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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