{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:10:12Z","timestamp":1778569812222,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients undergoing colonoscopy procedures (CPs), inadequate dosing of hypnotic drugs (HD) and opioid analgesics (OA) during intravenous sedoanalgesia (ISA) may lead to intraprocedural awareness with recall (IAwR), intraprocedural (IPP) and postprocedural pain (PPP), as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the titration of HD and OA based on the observance of changing values of state entropy (SE) and surgical pleth index (SPI) (adequacy of anesthesia\u2014AoA), state entropy alone, or standard practice may reduce the number of adverse events. One hundred and fifty-eight patients were included in the final analysis. The rate of IAwR and IPP was statistically more frequent in patients from the C group in comparison with the AoA and SE groups (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). In turn, the rate of PPP, PONV, and patients\u2019 and operators\u2019 satisfaction with ISA between groups was not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Changes in hemodynamic parameters, demand for HD, and OA were statistically significant, but of no clinical value. In patients undergoing CPs under ISA using propofol and FNT, as compared to standard practice, intraprocedural SE monitoring reduced the rate of IAwR and IPP, with no influence on the rate of PPP, PONV, or patients\u2019 and endoscopists\u2019 satisfaction. AoA guidance on propofol and FNT titration, as compared to SE monitoring only, did not reduce the occurrence of the aforementioned studied parameters, imposing an unnecessary extra cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T02:31:34Z","timestamp":1621218694000},"page":"464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Adequacy of Anesthesia Guidance for Colonoscopy Procedures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142 Jan","family":"Stasiowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Starzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Niewiadomska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seweryn","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General, Colorectal and Polytrauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaja","family":"Marczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"\u017bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Eszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endoscopy by the Department of Gastroenterology, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beniamin Oskar","family":"Grabarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Nursing and Maternity, High School of Strategic Planning in D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, 41-300 D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Szumera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow Square 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6941-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Nycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Colorectal and Polytrauma Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Missir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, 5th Regional Hospital, Medykow 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