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A therapeutic alternative for infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) is immune system modulation to improve the infection clearance. We showed that immunocompetent mice pretreated with tamoxifen at 80 mg\/kg\/d for three days and infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Escherichia coli in peritoneal sepsis models showed reduced release of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and its signaling pathway interleukin-18 (IL-18), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 (ERK1\/2). This reduction of MCP-1 induced the reduction of migration of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils from the bone marrow to the blood. Indeed, pretreatment with tamoxifen in murine peritoneal sepsis models reduced the bacterial load in tissues and blood, and increased mice survival from 0% to 60\u2013100%. Together, these data show that tamoxifen presents therapeutic efficacy against MDR A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli in experimental models of infection and may be a new candidate to be repurposed as a treatment for GNB infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14060507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1622066204000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Potential Tamoxifen Repurposing to Combat Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mir\u00f3-Canturri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ayerbe-Algaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-7990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"del Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5331-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Enrique-Jim\u00e9nez","family":"Mej\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Pach\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Smani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(01)00150-9","article-title":"Acinetobacter bacteraemia in a teaching hospital, 1989\u20131998","volume":"12","author":"Valero","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. 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