{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:34:36Z","timestamp":1788554076935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiseizure medications (ASMs) represents a valuable tool to establish an appropriate patient therapy, to collect important information about drugs\u2019 interactions and to evaluate patient\u2019s metabolic capabilities. In recent years, a new volumetric absorptive microsampling technique using VAMS\u00ae technology and Mitra\u00ae devices, consisting of a sampling technique for the collection of fixed-volume capillary blood, was developed. These new devices provide a new home-sampling technique for whole blood that has been spread out to simplify sample collection from finger-pricks. This review is aimed to compare published articles concerning the application of VAMS\u00ae in epilepsy and to identify the strengths and improvement points for the TDM of antiseizure medications. VAMS\u00ae allowed a minimally invasive blood sampling even in the absence of trained personnel. Good stability data have indicated that storage and delivery can be facilitated only for specific ASMs. Trueness and precision parameters have been evaluated, and the hematocrit (HCT) effect was minimized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T04:31:07Z","timestamp":1624941067000},"page":"627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling: Where Are We?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2035-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annachiara","family":"D\u2019Urso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"D\u2019Ovidio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Savini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmatoxicology Laboratory, Hospital \u201cSanto Spirito\u201d, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Rudge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neoteryx LLC, Torrance, 90501 CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8648-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"de Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, February 10). 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