{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:12:58Z","timestamp":1769548378261,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002449","name":"Jeju National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021 scientific promotion program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scientific promotion program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Achyranthes japonica Nakai root (AJNR) is used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of AJNR on arthritis. AJNR was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), and its main compounds, pimaric and kaurenoic acid, were identified. ANJR\u2019s inhibitory effects against arthritis were evaluated using primary cultures of articular chondrocytes and two in vivo arthritis models: destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) as an OA model, and collagenase-induced arthritis (CIA) as an RA model. AJNR did not affect pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6)-mediated cytotoxicity, but attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated increases in catabolic factors, and recovered pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated decreases in related anabolic factors related to in vitro. The effect of AJNR is particularly specific to IL-6-mediated catabolic or anabolic alteration. In a DMM model, AJNR decreased cartilage erosion, subchondral plate thickness, osteophyte size, and osteophyte maturity. In a CIA model, AJNR effectively inhibited cartilage degeneration and synovium inflammation in either the ankle or knee and reduced pannus formation in both the knee and ankle. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that AJNR mainly acted via the inhibitory effects of IL-6-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13 in both arthritis models. Therefore, AJNR is a potential therapeutic agent for relieving arthritis symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:35:40Z","timestamp":1628458540000},"page":"776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Inhibitory Effects of IL-6-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and -13 by Achyranthes japonica Nakai Root in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Mice Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dahye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godagama Gamaarachchige Dinesh","family":"Suminda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhui","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mangeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5682-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6817-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mrinmoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Bhubaneswar 751 024, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0154-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Ok","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3681-2_6","article-title":"Ageing and Osteoarthritis","volume":"91","author":"Sacitharan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. 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