{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:43Z","timestamp":1787029243436,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF- 2020R1F1A1069875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- 2020R1F1A1069875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI20C0173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI20C0173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation forms a glial scar following a spinal cord injury (SCI). The injured axon cannot regenerate across the scar, suggesting permanent paraplegia. Molecular chirality can show an entirely different bio-function by means of chiral-specific interaction. In this study, we report that d-chiral glutathione (D-GSH) suppresses the inflammatory response after SCI and leads to axon regeneration of the injured spinal cord to a greater extent than l-chiral glutathione (L-GSH). After SCI, axon regrowth in D-GSH-treated rats was significantly increased compared with that in L-GSH-treated rats (*** p &lt; 0.001). Secondary damage and motor function were significantly improved in D-GSH-treated rats compared with those outcomes in L-GSH-treated rats (** p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, D-GSH significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway compared with L-GSH (*** p &lt; 0.001). In primary cultured macrophages, we found that D-GSH undergoes more intracellular interaction with activated macrophages than L-GSH (*** p &lt; 0.001). These findings reveal a potential new regenerative function of chiral GSH in SCI and suggest that chiral GSH has therapeutic potential as a treatment of other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1628765681000},"page":"792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Chirality-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Glutathione after Spinal Cord Injury in an Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Seong-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Kyu","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong-Ho","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hun","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-565X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Je-Beom","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5724-8099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seil","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6250","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States, 1993\u20132012","volume":"313","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0498-17.2017","article-title":"Insights into the Dual Role of Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"37","author":"Rust","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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