{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1781562354223,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2320-B-037-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2320-B-037-027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center","award":["KMU-TC109A03-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-TC109A03-6"]}]},{"name":"National Sun Yat-sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University (NSYSU-KMU) Indus-try-Academia Collaboration","award":["108KN007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108KN007"]}]},{"name":"National Sun Yat-sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University (NSYSU-KMU) Joint Research Project","award":["NSYSUKMU 109-I005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSYSUKMU 109-I005"]}]},{"name":"National Sun Yat-sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University (NSYSU-KMU) Joint Research Project","award":["NSYSUKMU 110-I004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSYSUKMU 110-I004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing trend of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) worldwide has become a concern, limiting therapeutic alternatives and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. The immunomodulation agent ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-O,O\u2032-) tellurate (AS101) was repurposed as an antimicrobial agent against CRAB. Between 2016 and 2018, 27 CRAB clinical isolates were collected in Taiwan. The in vitro antibacterial activities of AS101 were evaluated using broth microdilution, time-kill assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and electron microscopy. In vivo effectiveness was assessed using a sepsis mouse infection model. The MIC range of AS101 for 27 CRAB isolates was from 0.5 to 32 \u00b5g\/mL, which is below its 50% cytotoxicity (approximately 150 \u00b5g\/mL). Bactericidal activity was confirmed using a time-kill assay. The antibacterial mechanism of AS101 was the accumulation of the ROS and the disruption of the cell membrane, which, in turn, results in cell death. The carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii mouse sepsis model showed that AS101 was a better therapeutic effect than colistin. The mice survival rate after 120 h was 33% (4\/12) in the colistin-treated group and 58% (7\/12) in the high-dose AS101 (3.33 mg\/kg\/day) group. Furthermore, high-dose AS101 significantly decreased bacterial population in the liver, kidney and spleen (all p &lt; 0.001). These findings support the concept that AS101 is an ideal candidate for further testing in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1629673167000},"page":"823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of AS101 against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-0299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Pin","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"},{"name":"Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather Nokulunga","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Culinary Art, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4977-4256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chun","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.16-0139","article-title":"Investigation of the Virulence Factors and Molecular Characterization of the Clonal Relations of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates","volume":"100","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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